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#include <time.h>
#include <windows.h>
struct Chrono
{
	LARGE_INTEGER liStart;
	LARGE_INTEGER liStop;
	void Start()
	{
		QueryPerformanceCounter(&liStart);
	}
	double Stop()
	{
	   QueryPerformanceCounter(&liStop);
	   LONGLONG llTimeDiff = liStop.QuadPart - liStart.QuadPart;
       // To get duration in milliseconds
	   LARGE_INTEGER Frequency;
	   QueryPerformanceFrequency(&Frequency);
       return llTimeDiff * 1000.0 / (double) Frequency.QuadPart;
	}
};
 
#include <boost/intrusive/list.hpp>
#include <boost/intrusive/unordered_set.hpp>
#include <boost/functional/hash.hpp>
#include <boost/unordered_set.hpp>
 
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <vector>
 
template <typename T>
struct cache_value
{
	T& value;
	bool created;
 
	cache_value<T>(T& value, bool created):value(value),created(created) {}
};
 
 
#define USE_UNORDERED_SET
 
#ifdef USE_UNORDERED_SET
template <typename K, typename T, typename PrHash = boost::hash<K>, typename PrEqual = std::equal_to<K> >
#else
template <typename K, typename T, typename PrLess = std::less<K> >
#endif
class cache
{
	//The cache organize a MRU/LRU collection of cells in a bidirectional circular list.
	//The MRU cell is stored in f_mru_cell, the LRU cell is thus f_mru_cell->s_prev.
	//The cells are also stored in a std::set for a fast key search.
	struct cell
	{
		cell *s_prev,*s_next;
		K s_key;
		T s_value;
 
		cell(K key):s_key(key) {s_next=s_prev=this;}
 
		void attach_before(const cell *p)
		{
			p=p->s_prev;
			s_prev=(s_next=p->s_next)->s_prev;
			s_next->s_prev=s_prev->s_next=this;
		}
		void detach()
		{
			s_next->s_prev=s_prev;
			s_prev->s_next=s_next;
		}
	};
#ifdef USE_UNORDERED_SET
	struct cell_predhash
	{
		std::size_t operator()(const cell *p) const
			{ return PrHash()(p->s_key); }
	};
	struct cell_predequal
	{
		bool operator()(const cell *pl,const cell *pr) const
			{ return PrEqual()(pl->s_key,pr->s_key); }
	};
	typedef boost::unordered_set<cell *,cell_predhash,cell_predequal> cell_set;
#else
	struct cell_predless
	{
		bool operator()(const cell *pl,const cell *pr) const
			{ return PrLess()(pl->s_key,pr->s_key); }
	};
	typedef std::set<cell *,cell_predless> cell_set;
#endif
 
	unsigned f_maxCell;
 
	cell *f_cell_pooler;
	cell *f_mru_cell;
	cell_set f_set;
 
	//don't allow copy or assign
	cache(cache const &);
	cache & operator=(cache const &);
public:
	cache(unsigned maxCell): f_maxCell(maxCell<1?1:maxCell),f_cell_pooler((cell *)0),f_mru_cell((cell *)0)
#ifdef USE_UNORDERED_SET
		,f_set(maxCell<1?1:maxCell)
#endif
		{ f_cell_pooler=(cell *)::operator new(f_maxCell*sizeof(cell)); }
	~cache()
	{
		clear();
		::operator delete(f_cell_pooler);
	}
 
	void clear()
	{
		if (f_mru_cell)
		{
			//delete cells from LRU to MRU
			cell *lru_cell=f_mru_cell->s_prev;
			cell *p=lru_cell;
			do
			{
				cell *ptmp=p->s_prev;
				//cell deleted !!! caller MUST be informed
				p->~cell();
				p=ptmp;
			}
			while (p!=lru_cell);
		}
		f_mru_cell=(cell *)0;
		f_set.clear();
	}
 
	void reset(unsigned maxCell)
	{
		clear();
		::operator delete(f_cell_pooler);
		f_cell_pooler=(cell *)0;
		f_maxCell=(maxCell<1?1:maxCell);
#ifdef USE_UNORDERED_SET
		f_set.rehash(f_maxCell);
#endif
		f_cell_pooler=(cell *)::operator new(f_maxCell*sizeof(cell));
	}
 
	cache_value<T> fetch(K key)
	{
		cell tmp(key);
		cell_set::iterator it=f_set.find(&tmp);
		if (it!=f_set.end())
		{
			//key is found
			//(f_mru_cell can't be NULL)
			cell *found_cell=*it;
			if (f_mru_cell!=found_cell)
			{
				//adjust cell list, found cell becomes MRU cell
				found_cell->detach();
				found_cell->attach_before(f_mru_cell);
				f_mru_cell=found_cell;
			}
 
			//return T and notify that key was already in cache
			return cache_value<T>(found_cell->s_value, false);
		}
		else
		{
			//key not found
			cell *new_cell;
 
			if (f_set.size()>=f_maxCell)
			{
				//cache size limit reached, remove LRU cell
				//(f_mru_cell can't be NULL)
				cell *lru_cell=f_mru_cell->s_prev;
				tmp.s_key=lru_cell->s_key;
				f_set.erase(&tmp);
				lru_cell->detach();
				//cell deleted !!! caller MUST be informed
				lru_cell->~cell();
 
				//create a new cell (actually reuse the just destroyed LRU cell)
				new_cell=new(lru_cell) cell(key);
			}
			else
			{
				//create a new cell (using a buffer from the pooler)
				new_cell=new(f_cell_pooler+f_set.size()) cell(key);
			}
 
			//insert the new cell in list
			if (f_mru_cell!=(cell *)0)
				new_cell->attach_before(f_mru_cell);
 
			//set the new MRU cell
			f_mru_cell=new_cell;
 
			//insert also the new cell in the std::set
			f_set.insert(new_cell);
 
			//return the created T and notify that it wasn't yet in cache
			return cache_value<T>(new_cell->s_value, true);
		}
	}
};
 
 
template <typename K, typename T , typename PrHash = boost::hash<K>, typename PrEqual = std::equal_to<K>>
class cache2
{
private:
	//don't allow copy or assign
   cache2(const cache2&);
   cache2& operator=(const cache2&);
 
   struct Entry : public boost::intrusive::list_base_hook<>, boost::intrusive::unordered_set_base_hook<>
	{
		K key;
		T value;
 
		friend bool operator == (const Entry& e1, const Entry& e2)
		{ return PrEqual()(e1.key, e2.key);  }
 
		friend std::size_t hash_value(const Entry& e)
		{ return PrHash()(e.key);  }
   	};
 
   struct EntryKeyHash
	{
		std::size_t operator()(const K& key) const
		{ return PrHash()(key); }
	};
 
   struct EntryKeyEqual
	{
	   bool operator()(const K& key, const Entry& e) const
       { return PrEqual()(key, e.key); }
 
       bool operator()(const Entry& e, const K& key) const
       { return PrEqual()(e.key, key);  }
	};
 
   typedef boost::intrusive::list<Entry> EntryList;
   typedef boost::intrusive::unordered_set<Entry>  EntryHashSet;
   typedef typename EntryHashSet::bucket_type  BucketType;
   typedef typename EntryHashSet::bucket_traits  BucketTraits;
 
   std::vector<Entry> entryPool_;
   EntryList entryList_;
 
   // BE CAREFUL, the vector of bucket must be declared before the unordered set, 
   // in order to be initialized first in the constructor's initialization list
   std::vector<BucketType> buckets_; 
   EntryHashSet entryHashSet_;
 
   int maxsize_;
 
public:
	cache2(int maxsize): 
	maxsize_(maxsize<1?1:maxsize),
	buckets_(maxsize<1?1:maxsize),
	entryHashSet_(BucketTraits(&buckets_[0], maxsize<1?1:maxsize))
	{
		entryPool_.reserve(maxsize<1?1:maxsize);
	}
 
	void reset(int newMaxsize)
	{
       entryList_.clear();
	   entryHashSet_.clear();
	   entryPool_.clear();
	   maxsize_ = newMaxsize<1?1:newMaxsize;
	   buckets.resize(maxsize_);
	   entryHashSet_.rehash(maxsize_);
	}
 
 	cache_value<T> fetch(K key)
	{
		EntryHashSet::iterator found = entryHashSet_.find(key, EntryKeyHash(), EntryKeyEqual());
		if(found != entryHashSet_.end())
		{
			//key is found
			Entry& entry = *found;
			EntryList::iterator it = entryList_.iterator_to(entry);
 
			if(it != entryList_.begin())
			{
				//adjust entry list, found entry becomes MRU entry
				entryList_.erase(it);
				entryList_.push_front(entry);
			}
 
			//return T and notify that key was already in cache
			return cache_value<T>(entry.value, false);
		}
		else
		{
			Entry* entry;
			if(entryPool_.size() < (unsigned int)maxsize_)
			{
				//create a new entry
				Entry newEntry;
				newEntry.key = key; 
				entryPool_.push_back(newEntry);
 
				entry = &(entryPool_.back());
			}
			else
			{
				//cache size limit reached, destroy the lru entry
				entry = &(entryList_.back());
				entryHashSet_.erase(entryHashSet_.iterator_to(*entry));
				entryList_.erase(entryList_.iterator_to(*entry));
 
				//reuse the just destroyed LRU entry
				entry->key = key;
			}
			//insert the new entry in list
			entryList_.push_front(*entry);
 
			//insert also the new entry in the std::set
			entryHashSet_.insert(*entry);
 
			//return the created T and notify that it wasn't yet in cache
			return cache_value<T>(entry->value, true);
		}
	}
 
	void display()
	{
		//display cell key from LRU to MRU
		for(EntryList::const_reverse_iterator it = entryList_.crbegin() ; it != entryList_.crend() ;  ++it)
		{
    		std::cout << it->key << '"' << it->value << '"' << " - ";
		}
		std::cout << '(' << entrySet_.size() << ')' << std::endl;
	}
};
 
class HARD_DISK
{
public:
	HARD_DISK(){};
	HARD_DISK(int nbString, int lengthString):vec(nbString)
	{
	   std::string gabarit('a', lengthString);
       for(int i = 0 ; i < nbString ; i++)
		   vec[i] = gabarit;
	}
 
	void Resize(int nbString, int lengthString)
	{
		vec.resize(nbString);
		std::string gabarit('a', lengthString);
       for(int i = 0 ; i < nbString ; i++)
		   vec[i] = gabarit;
	}
	std::string Get(int num)
	{	
		return vec[num];
	}
private:
	std::vector<std::string> vec;
};
 
 
void cachefetch(HARD_DISK& hdd, cache<unsigned,std::string> & c,unsigned key)
{
	cache_value<std::string> cv = c.fetch(key);
	if (cv.created)
		cv.value = hdd.Get(key);
}
 
void cachefetch(HARD_DISK& hdd, cache2<unsigned,std::string> & c,unsigned key)
{
	cache_value<std::string> cv = c.fetch(key);
	if (cv.created)
		cv.value = hdd.Get(key);
}
 
void Test(HARD_DISK& hdd, int numIteration, int sizecache, int numString, int lengthString)
{
	srand(time(NULL));
	hdd.Resize(numString, lengthString);
	Chrono chrono;
	double time;
 
	std::cout << "Iteration "<< numIteration << " sizecache " << sizecache << " numString " << numString << " lengthString " << lengthString << std::endl;
 
	chrono.Start();
	{
		cache<unsigned,std::string> c(sizecache);
		for(int i = 0 ; i < numIteration ; i++)
		{
			cachefetch(hdd, c, rand() % numString);
		}
	}
	time = chrono.Stop();
	std::cout << time << std::endl;
 
	chrono.Start();
	{
		cache2<unsigned,std::string> c2(sizecache);
		for(int i = 0 ; i < numIteration ; i++)
		{
			cachefetch(hdd, c2, rand() % numString);
		}
	}
	time = chrono.Stop();
	std::cout << time << std::endl;
}
 
 
int main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
	HARD_DISK hdd;
 
	// numIteration, sizecache, numString, lengthString
	Test(hdd, 1000000, 1000, 100, 20);
	Test(hdd, 1000000, 10000, 10000, 20);
	Test(hdd, 1000000, 100000, 100000, 20);
	Test(hdd, 1000000, 1000, 10, 10000);
 
	std::cout << "\nlot of small object (100000 objects, 100 byte each), size of cache is small" << std::endl;
	Test(hdd, 1000000, 10000, 100000, 20);
 
	std::cout << "\nlot of small object (100000 objects, 100 byte each), size of cache is good" << std::endl;
	Test(hdd, 1000000, 100000, 100000, 20);
 
	std::cout << "\nfew but BIG object (100 objects, 100000 byte each)" << std::endl;
	Test(hdd, 1000000, 1000, 100, 100000);
 
	std::cout << "\nLOT of BIG object (100000 objects, 100000 byte each), size of cache is small" << std::endl;
	Test(hdd, 1000000, 10000, 100000, 100000);
 
	std::cout << "\nLOT of BIG object (100000 objects, 100000 byte each), size of cache is good" << std::endl;
	Test(hdd, 1000000, 100000, 100000, 100000);
 
return 0;
} | 
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