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man sudo
sudo allows a permitted user to execute a command as the superuser or another user, as specified in the sudoers file.
The real and effective uid and gid are set to match those of the target user as specified in the passwd file and the
group vector is initialized based on the group file (unless the -P option was specified). If the invoking user is root
or if the target user is the same as the invoking user, no password is required. Otherwise, sudo requires that users
authenticate themselves with a password by default (NOTE: in the default configuration this is the user's password, not
the root password). Once a user has been authenticated, a timestamp is updated and the user may then use sudo without a
password for a short period of time (15 minutes unless overridden in sudoers).
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