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|
unit cadredrawinggcscontext;
// Cadre générique de dessin 2D en coordonnées GCS
// indépendant de GHTopo
// Doit remplacer à terme les contextes d'affichage des diagrammes d'orientation et d'altimétrie
// ainsi que le visualisateur de la carte du frontal BDD 6 Minutes
// Ceci est aussi un exercice sur l'approche 'Listes d'Affichage'
// Avantages:
// - Solution élégante
// - Souplesse du TStringList
//
{$mode delphi}
{$DEFINE GHTOPO_INDEPENDANT}
{.$UNDEF GHTOPO_INDEPENDANT}
interface
uses
{$IFNDEF GHTOPO_INDEPENDANT}
StructuresDonnees,
Common,
{$ENDIF}
Graphics,
BGRABitmap,
Dialogs,
Classes, SysUtils, Forms, Controls, ExtCtrls, StdCtrls;
{$IFDEF GHTOPO_INDEPENDANT}
type TPoint2Df = record
X: double;
Y: double;
end;
function MakeTPoint2Df(const QX, QY: double): TPoint2Df;
{$ENDIF}
{$DEFINE USE_TSTRINGLIST}
{.$UNDEF USE_TSTRINGLIST}
// Préfixe TDGC : (D)rawing (G)HTopo (C)ontext
// pour différencier
type TDGCPen = class
Couleur : TColor;
Opacity : byte;
Width : integer;
Style : TPenStyle;
end;
type TDGCBrush = class
Couleur : TColor;
Opacity : byte;
Style : TBrushStyle;
end;
type TDGCPolyLineGon = class
private
FName: string;
FDoFlush: boolean;
public
ListeVertex: array of TPoint;
property Name : string read FName write FName;
property DoFlush: boolean read FDoFlush write FDoFlush;
constructor Create(const QName: string; const QDoFlush: boolean);
destructor Destroy();
function AddVertex(const V: TPoint): boolean;
function GetVertex(const Idx: integer): TPoint;
function GetNbVertex(): integer;
end;
type TDGCPolyline = class(TDGCPolyLineGon)
end;
type TDGCPolygon = class(TDGCPolyLineGon)
end;
type TDGCTriangle = class
private
FP1: TPoint;
FP2: TPoint;
FP3: TPoint;
public
constructor Create(const P1, P2, P3: TPoint);
property P1: TPoint read FP1 write FP1;
property P2: TPoint read FP2 write FP2;
property P3: TPoint read FP3 write FP3;
end;
type TDGCCircle = class
private
FCentre: TPoint;
FRayon1: integer;
FRayon2: integer;
public
constructor Create(const QCentre: TPoint; const QR1, QR2: integer);
property Centre: TPoint read FCentre write FCentre;
property Rayon1: integer read FRayon1 write FRayon1;
property Rayon2: integer read FRayon2 write FRayon2;
end;
type TDGCSegment = class
private
FP1: TPoint;
FP2: TPoint;
public
constructor Create(const P1, P2: TPoint);
property P1: TPoint read FP1 write FP1;
property P2: TPoint read FP2 write FP2;
end;
type
{ TCdrDrawingContextGCS }
TCdrDrawingContextGCS = class(TFrame)
Label1: TLabel;
Vue: TPaintBox;
pnlVue: TPanel;
procedure VuePaint(Sender: TObject);
strict private
FLastError: string;
FTmpBuffer: TBGRABitmap;
// couleurs et styles: brosse, crayon
FBackGroundColor : TColor;
FBackGroundOpacity: byte;
// gestion des zooms
//FZC1, FZC2 : TPoint2Df;
//FZP1, FZP2 : TPoint;
FRegionCMini : TPoint2Df;
FRegionCMaxi : TPoint2Df;
// paramètres de vues
FRappHLVue : double;
FRappScrReal : double;
FInvRappScrReal : double;
// statut du dessin
FDessinReady : boolean;
FDessinEnCours : boolean;
// liste des objets à tracer
{$IFDEF USE_TSTRINGLIST}
FListOfEntities: TStringList;
{$ELSE}
FListOfEntities: array of TObject;
{$ENDIF USE_TSTRINGLIST}
// Objets temporaires
FTemporaryPolyLineGon: TDGCPolyLineGon;
FMakingPolyLineGon: boolean;
function QAddObject(const QMsg: string; const QObj: TObject): boolean;
private
function GetCoordsMonde(const PP: TPoint): TPoint2Df;
function GetCoordsPlan(const PM: TPoint2Df): TPoint;
function GetRYMaxi(): double;
procedure RedessinVue();
function getNbEntities(): integer;
procedure ViderListeAffichage();
// /!\ Les objets doivent être ici créés par l'appelant
function AddPolyLine(const P: TDGCPolyline; const QName: string; const DoFlush: boolean): boolean;
function AddPolygon(const P: TDGCPolygon; const QName: string; const DoFlush: boolean): boolean;
public
function Initialiser(const X1, Y1, X2, Y2: double): boolean;
procedure Finaliser();
procedure ClearDrawing();
// définition des styles de crayon et brosses
procedure SetBackgroundColor(const C: TColor; const QOpacity: byte = 255);
procedure SetPenColorStyle(const C: TColor; const QOpacity: byte = 255; const QWidth: integer = 0; const QStyle: TPenStyle = psSolid);
procedure SetBrushColorStyle(const C: TColor; const QOpacity: byte = 255; const QStyle: TBrushStyle = bsSolid);
procedure SetViewLimits(const X1, Y1, X2, Y2: double; const DebugTag: string); overload;
procedure SetViewLimits(const QCoinBasGauche, QCointHautDroit: TPoint2Df; const DebugTag: string); overload;
function AddLine(const X1, Y1, X2, Y2: double; const QName: string = 'Line'; const DoFlush: boolean = false): boolean;
function AddCircle(const X1, Y1, R1, R2: double; const QName: string = 'Circle'; const DoFlush: boolean = false): boolean;
function AddTriangle(const X1, Y1, X2, Y2, X3, Y3: double; const QName: string = 'Triangle'; const DoFlush: boolean = false): boolean;
function BeginPolyline(const QName: string='PolyLine'; const QDoFlush: boolean=false): boolean;
procedure AddVertex(const QX, QY: double);
procedure EndPolyline();
function BeginPolygon(const QName: string='Polygone'; const QDoFlush: boolean=false): boolean;
procedure EndPolygon();
// procedure SetListCapacity(const N: integer); // Inutile: pas de gain de temps significatif
procedure BeginDrawing();
procedure EndDrawing();
procedure Flush();
function GetLastError(): string;
end;
implementation
{$R *.lfm}
{$IFDEF GHTOPO_INDEPENDANT}
procedure pass; inline; // analogue à l'instruction 'pass' du Python
begin
; // ne fait rien
end;
function MakeTPoint2Df(const QX, QY: double): TPoint2Df;
begin
Result.X := QX;
Result.Y := QY;
end;
procedure Swap(var V1, V2: Double); overload;
var Tmp: Double;
begin
Tmp := V1;
V1 := V2;
V2 := Tmp;
end;
{ TDGCPolyLineGon }
constructor TDGCPolyLineGon.Create(const QName: string; const QDoFlush: boolean);
begin
inherited Create;
FName := QName;
FDoFlush := QDoFlush;
SetLength(ListeVertex, 0);
end;
destructor TDGCPolyLineGon.Destroy();
begin
SetLength(ListeVertex, 0);
inherited Destroy;
end;
function TDGCPolyLineGon.AddVertex(const V: TPoint): boolean;
var
n: Integer;
begin
result := false;
n := Length(ListeVertex);
SetLength(ListeVertex, n + 1);
ListeVertex[n] := V;
end;
function TDGCPolyLineGon.GetVertex(const Idx: integer): TPoint;
begin
Result := ListeVertex[Idx];
end;
function TDGCPolyLineGon.GetNbVertex(): integer;
begin
Result := length(ListeVertex);
end;
{ TDGCTriangle }
constructor TDGCTriangle.Create(const P1, P2, P3: TPoint);
begin
inherited Create;
FP1 := P1;
FP2 := P2;
FP3 := P3;
end;
{ TCircle }
constructor TDGCCircle.Create(const QCentre: TPoint; const QR1, QR2: integer);
begin
inherited Create;
FCentre := QCentre;
FRayon1 := QR1;
FRayon2 := QR2;
end;
{ TSegment }
constructor TDGCSegment.Create(const P1, P2: TPoint);
begin
inherited Create;
FP1 := P1;
FP2 := P2;
end;
//******************************************************************************
{$ENDIF}
function TCdrDrawingContextGCS.Initialiser(const X1, Y1, X2, Y2: double): boolean;
begin
Result := false;
FLastError := '';
SetBackgroundColor(clWhite);
FDessinReady := false;
FDessinEnCours := False;
FMakingPolyLineGon := false;
{$IFDEF USE_TSTRINGLIST}
FListOfEntities := TStringList.Create;
try
FListOfEntities.OwnsObjects := True; // les objets membres seront détruits par la liste
{$ELSE}
try
{$ENDIF USE_TSTRINGLIST}
ViderListeAffichage();
self.SetViewLimits(X1, Y1, X2, Y2, 'Initialiser()');
Label1.Caption:= format('%f, %f -> %f, %f', [FRegionCMini.X, FRegionCMini.Y, FRegionCMaxi.X, FRegionCMaxi.Y]);
FDessinReady := True;
result := True;
Vue.Invalidate;
except
end;
end;
procedure TCdrDrawingContextGCS.Finaliser();
begin
ViderListeAffichage();
pass;
end;
procedure TCdrDrawingContextGCS.ClearDrawing();
begin
ViderListeAffichage();
vue.Invalidate;
end;
function TCdrDrawingContextGCS.QAddObject(const QMsg: string; const QObj: TObject): boolean;
var
Nb: Integer;
begin
{$IFDEF USE_TSTRINGLIST}
Result := (FListOfEntities.AddObject(QMsg, QObj) > 0);
{$ELSE}
Result := false;
try
Nb := Length(FListOfEntities);
SetLength(FListOfEntities, Nb + 1);
FListOfEntities[Nb] := QObj;
Result := True;
except
end;
{$ENDIF USE_TSTRINGLIST}
end;
procedure TCdrDrawingContextGCS.SetBackgroundColor(const C: TColor; const QOpacity: byte = 255);
begin
FBackGroundColor := C;
FBackGroundOpacity := QOpacity;
end;
procedure TCdrDrawingContextGCS.SetPenColorStyle(const C: TColor; const QOpacity: byte; const QWidth: integer; const QStyle: TPenStyle);
var
MyPen: TDGCPen;
begin
MyPen := TDGCPen.Create;
MyPen.Couleur := C;
MyPen.Opacity := QOpacity;
MyPen.Width := QWidth;
QAddObject('Command', MyPen);
end;
procedure TCdrDrawingContextGCS.SetBrushColorStyle(const C: TColor; const QOpacity: byte; const QStyle: TBrushStyle = bsSolid);
var
MyBrush: TDGCBrush;
begin
MyBrush := TDGCBrush.Create;
MyBrush.Couleur := C;
MyBrush.Opacity := QOpacity;
MyBrush.Style := QStyle;
QAddObject('Command', MyBrush);
end;
procedure TCdrDrawingContextGCS.RedessinVue();
var
R: TRect;
MyEntity: TObject;
Nb, i: Integer;
T0, T1: TDateTime;
HH, MM, SS, MS: word;
// dessin des objets
procedure QSetPenStyle(const E: TDGCPen);
begin
FTmpBuffer.CanvasBGRA.Pen.Color := E.Couleur;
FTmpBuffer.CanvasBGRA.Pen.Opacity := E.Opacity;
FTmpBuffer.CanvasBGRA.Pen.Width := E.Width;
FTmpBuffer.CanvasBGRA.Pen.Style := E.Style;
end;
procedure QSetBrushStyle(const E: TDGCBrush);
begin
FTmpBuffer.CanvasBGRA.Brush.Color := E.Couleur;
FTmpBuffer.CanvasBGRA.Brush.Opacity := E.Opacity;
FTmpBuffer.CanvasBGRA.Brush.Style := E.Style;
end;
procedure QDrawSegment(const E: TDGCSegment);
begin
FTmpBuffer.CanvasBGRA.MoveTo(E.P1.x, E.P1.y);
FTmpBuffer.CanvasBGRA.LineTo(E.P2.x, E.P2.y);
end;
procedure QDrawCircle(const E: TDGCCircle);
begin
FTmpBuffer.CanvasBGRA.EllipseC(E.FCentre.X, E.Centre.Y, E.Rayon1, E.Rayon2);
end;
procedure QDrawTriangle(const E: TDGCTriangle);
begin
FTmpBuffer.CanvasBGRA.Polygon([E.P1, E.P2, E.P3]);
end;
procedure QDrawPolyline(const E: TDGCPolyline);
begin
FTmpBuffer.CanvasBGRA.Polygon(E.ListeVertex);
end;
procedure QDrawPolygon(const E: TDGCPolygon);
begin
FTmpBuffer.CanvasBGRA.Polygon(E.ListeVertex);
end;
begin
if (not FDessinReady) then Exit;
if (FDessinEnCours) then Exit; // FDessinEnCours est un flag pour protéger la reconstruction du dessin
FDessinEnCours := True;
FTmpBuffer := TBGRABitmap.Create(vue.Width, vue.Height);
try
T0 := Now();
R.Left := Vue.Left;
R.Top := Vue.Top;
R.Bottom := Vue.Top + Vue.Height;
R.Right := Vue.Left + Vue.Width;
FTmpBuffer.CanvasBGRA.Brush.Color := FBackGroundColor;
FTmpBuffer.CanvasBGRA.Brush.Opacity := 255;
FTmpBuffer.CanvasBGRA.Brush.Style := bsSolid;
FTmpBuffer.CanvasBGRA.FillRect(R);
// on dessine ici: exécution de la liste d'affichage
Nb := getNbEntities();
if (Nb > 0) then
begin
for i := 0 to Nb - 1 do
begin
{$IFDEF USE_TSTRINGLIST}
MyEntity := FListOfEntities.Objects[i];
{$ELSE}
MyEntity := FListOfEntities[i];
{$ENDIF USE_TSTRINGLIST}
if (MyEntity is TDGCSegment) then QDrawSegment(MyEntity as TDGCSegment); // Temps de reconstruction: 00:00:00.140 // as TDGCSegment);
if (MyEntity is TDGCCircle) then QDrawCircle(MyEntity as TDGCCircle); // // as TDGCCircle);
if (MyEntity is TDGCTriangle) then QDrawTriangle(MyEntity as TDGCTriangle); // // as TDGCTriangle);
if (MyEntity is TDGCPolyline) then QDrawPolyline(MyEntity as TDGCPolyline);
if (MyEntity is TDGCPolygon) then QDrawPolygon(MyEntity as TDGCPolygon);
if (MyEntity is TDGCPen) then QSetPenStyle(MyEntity as TDGCPen);
if (MyEntity is TDGCBrush) then QSetBrushStyle(MyEntity as TDGCBrush);
end;
end;
T1 := Now();
FTmpBuffer.Draw(vue.Canvas, 0, 0, True);
DecodeTime(t1-t0, HH, MM, SS, MS);
Label1.Caption:= format('%f, %f -> %f, %f - %d entites - Temps: %.2d:%.2d:%.2d.%.3d', [FRegionCMini.X, FRegionCMini.Y, FRegionCMaxi.X, FRegionCMaxi.Y, Nb, HH, MM, SS, MS]);
finally
FreeAndNil(FTmpBuffer);
FDessinEnCours := False;
end;
end;
function TCdrDrawingContextGCS.getNbEntities(): integer;
begin
{$IFDEF USE_TSTRINGLIST}
Result := FListOfEntities.Count;
{$ELSE}
Result := length(FListOfEntities);
{$ENDIF USE_TSTRINGLIST}
end;
procedure TCdrDrawingContextGCS.ViderListeAffichage();
var
Nb, i: Integer;
begin
{$IFDEF USE_TSTRINGLIST}
Nb := FListOfEntities.Count;
FListOfEntities.Clear;
{$ELSE}
Nb := Length(FListOfEntities);
for i := 0 to Nb - 1 do
begin
FreeAndNil(FListOfEntities[i]);
end;
SetLength(FListOfEntities, 0);
{$ENDIF USE_TSTRINGLIST}
//FListOfEntities.capacity := 4000;
end;
function TCdrDrawingContextGCS.GetCoordsPlan(const PM: TPoint2Df): TPoint;
begin
Result.X := Round((PM.X - FRegionCMini.X) * FRappScrReal);
Result.Y := Round((FRegionCMaxi.Y - PM.Y) * FRappScrReal);
end;
procedure TCdrDrawingContextGCS.VuePaint(Sender: TObject);
begin
RedessinVue();
end;
function TCdrDrawingContextGCS.GetCoordsMonde(const PP: TPoint): TPoint2Df;
begin
Result.X := FInvRappScrReal * PP.X + FRegionCMini.X;
Result.Y := -FInvRappScrReal * PP.Y + FRegionCMaxi.Y;
end;
// cette fonction retourne d'autres paramètres
function TCdrDrawingContextGCS.GetRYMaxi(): double;
var
qdx: Double;
begin
qdx := FRegionCMaxi.X - FRegionCMini.X;
// calcul du rapport Hauteur/largeur de vue
FRappHLVue := Vue.Height / Vue.Width;
// calcul du rapport Ecran/Réel
FRappScrReal := Vue.Width / qdx;
FInvRappScrReal := 1 / FRappScrReal;
// calcul de la hauteur de visualisation
Result := FRegionCMini.Y + qdx * FRappHLVue;
end;
procedure TCdrDrawingContextGCS.SetViewLimits(const X1, Y1, X2, Y2: double; const DebugTag: string);
const
Epsilon = 1e-2;
var
qX1, qX2, qY1, qY2: double;
d1, d2: double;
begin
qX1 := X1;
qY1 := Y1;
qX2 := X2;
qY2 := Y2;
d1 := qX2 - qX1;
d2 := qY2 - qY1;
// si zone trop étroite, abandonner
if (Abs(d1) < Epsilon) or (Abs(d2) < Epsilon) then
Exit;
// échanger de manière à rendre indifférent le sens du rectangle de sélection
if (qX2 < qX1) then Swap(qX1, qX2);
if (qY2 < qY1) then Swap(qY1, qY2);
FRegionCMini := MakeTPoint2Df(qX1, qY1);
FRegionCMaxi := MakeTPoint2Df(qX2, qY2);
// Redéfinition de la hauteur maxi
FRegionCMaxi.Y := GetRYMaxi;
end;
procedure TCdrDrawingContextGCS.SetViewLimits(const QCoinBasGauche, QCointHautDroit: TPoint2Df; const DebugTag: string);
begin
SetViewLimits(QCoinBasGauche.X, QCoinBasGauche.Y, QCointHautDroit.X, QCointHautDroit.Y, DebugTag);
end;
// liste d'affichage pour les objets: Ajout des éléments
function TCdrDrawingContextGCS.AddLine(const X1, Y1, X2, Y2: double; const QName: string = 'Line'; const DoFlush: boolean = false): boolean;
var
MySegment: TDGCSegment;
PP1, PP2: TPoint;
begin
//if (not FDessinReady) then Exit;
PP1 := GetCoordsPlan(MakeTPoint2Df(X1, Y1));
PP2 := GetCoordsPlan(MakeTPoint2Df(X2, Y2));
MySegment := TDGCSegment.Create(PP1, PP2);
Result := QAddObject(QName, MySegment);
//if (DoFlush) then Vue.Invalidate;
end;
function TCdrDrawingContextGCS.AddCircle(const X1, Y1, R1, R2: double; const QName: string = 'Circle'; const DoFlush: boolean = false): boolean;
var
MyCircle: TDGCCircle;
PP1, PP2: TPoint;
begin
//if (not FDessinReady) then Exit;
PP1 := GetCoordsPlan(MakeTPoint2Df(X1, Y1));
PP2 := GetCoordsPlan(MakeTPoint2Df(X1 + R1, Y1 + R2));
MyCircle := TDGCCircle.Create(PP1, PP2.X - PP1.X, PP2.Y - PP1.Y);
Result := QAddObject(QName, MyCircle);
//if (DoFlush) then Vue.Invalidate;
end;
function TCdrDrawingContextGCS.AddTriangle(const X1, Y1, X2, Y2, X3, Y3: double; const QName: string = 'Triangle'; const DoFlush: boolean = false): boolean;
var
MyTriangle: TDGCTriangle;
PP1, PP2, PP3: TPoint;
begin
if (not FDessinReady) then Exit;
PP1 := GetCoordsPlan(MakeTPoint2Df(X1, Y1));
PP2 := GetCoordsPlan(MakeTPoint2Df(X2, Y2));
PP3 := GetCoordsPlan(MakeTPoint2Df(X3, Y3));
MyTriangle := TDGCTriangle.Create(PP1, PP2, PP3);
Result := QAddObject(QName, MyTriangle);
//if (DoFlush) then Vue.Invalidate;
end;
// /!\ Ici, l'objet TDGCPolyLineGon doit être créé par l'appelant
function TCdrDrawingContextGCS.AddPolyLine(const P: TDGCPolyline; const QName: string; const DoFlush: boolean): boolean;
begin
//if (not FDessinReady) then Exit;
Result := QAddObject(QName, P);
//if (DoFlush) then Vue.Invalidate;
end;
function TCdrDrawingContextGCS.AddPolygon(const P: TDGCPolygon; const QName: string; const DoFlush: boolean): boolean;
begin
//if (not FDessinReady) then Exit;
Result := QAddObject(QName, P);
//if (DoFlush) then Vue.Invalidate;
end;
procedure TCdrDrawingContextGCS.BeginDrawing();
begin
pass; //FProcBeginDrawingCalled := true;
end;
procedure TCdrDrawingContextGCS.EndDrawing();
begin
pass; //FProcBeginDrawingCalled := false;
end;
// Ajout de polyligne/polygone
procedure TCdrDrawingContextGCS.AddVertex(const QX, QY: double);
var
PP: TPoint;
begin
if (not FMakingPolyLineGon) then
begin
FLastError := format('%s.AddVertex(%f, %f) sans %s.BeginPolyline()', [ClassName, QX, QY, ClassName]);
Exit;
end;
if (not assigned(FTemporaryPolyLineGon)) then
begin
FLastError := format('Champ %s.FTemporaryPolyLineGon non initialisé', [ClassName]);
Exit;
end;
PP := GetCoordsPlan(MakeTPoint2Df(QX, QY));
FTemporaryPolyLineGon.AddVertex(PP);
end;
function TCdrDrawingContextGCS.BeginPolyline(const QName: string = 'PolyLine'; const QDoFlush: boolean = false): boolean;
begin
result := false;
FTemporaryPolyLineGon := TDGCPolyLineGon.Create(QName, QDoFlush);
try
FMakingPolyLineGon := True;
Result := True;
except
end;
end;
procedure TCdrDrawingContextGCS.EndPolyline();
begin
end;
function TCdrDrawingContextGCS.BeginPolygon(const QName: string = 'Polygone'; const QDoFlush: boolean = false): boolean;
begin
result := false;
if (FMakingPolyLineGon) then
begin
FLastError := 'Polygone précédent non clôturé par EndPolygon()';
Exit;
end;
FTemporaryPolyLineGon := TDGCPolyLineGon.Create(QName, QDoFlush);
try
FMakingPolyLineGon := True;
Result := True;
except
end;
end;
procedure TCdrDrawingContextGCS.EndPolygon();
var
MyPolygon : TDGCPolygon;
i, Nb: Integer;
begin
try
if (not FMakingPolyLineGon) then
begin
FLastError := format('%s.EndPolygon() sans %s.BeginPolygon()', [ClassName, ClassName]);
Exit;
end;
Nb := FTemporaryPolyLineGon.GetNbVertex();
if (Nb < 3) then
begin
FLastError := Format('Polygone "%s" invalide, %d sommets', [FTemporaryPolyLineGon.Name, FTemporaryPolyLineGon.GetNbVertex()]);
exit;
end;
MyPolygon := TDGCPolygon.Create(FTemporaryPolyLineGon.Name, FTemporaryPolyLineGon.DoFlush);
for i := 0 to Nb - 1 do MyPolygon.AddVertex(FTemporaryPolyLineGon.GetVertex(i));
// et on ajoute
AddPolygon(MyPolygon, FTemporaryPolyLineGon.Name, FTemporaryPolyLineGon.DoFlush);
FreeAndNil(FTemporaryPolyLineGon);
// avant de désarmer le flag FMakingPolyLineGon
FMakingPolyLineGon := false;
except
end;
end;
// Rafraichit l'affichage
procedure TCdrDrawingContextGCS.Flush();
begin
Vue.Invalidate;
end;
function TCdrDrawingContextGCS.GetLastError(): string;
begin
Result := FLastError;
end;
end. |
TCdrDrawingContextGCS : un pseudo-composant TFrame permettant de faire du dessin
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