Discussion :

[esmairi]

j'ai besoin de comprendre la différence entre inird et initramfs , et l'utilité de systeme de fichiers tmporaire.
qui peut nous donner une explication détaillé et merci

[heinquoi]

Bonjour,

je ne connais pas inird je suppose que tu veux parler de initrd.

Des articles explicites:
pour initrd
http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Initrd

pour initramfs
http://lfs.traduc.org/view/blfs-svn/...initramfs.html

Pour résumer initramfs est un type d'initrd. Il est constitué d'un ensemble réduit d'outils taré et compressé pour monter les répertoires systèmes et démarrer init.

Il permet de nombreuse chose. La plus importante a mon avis est de permettre aux distributions de n'avoir que quelques noyaux Linux compiler et de modifier l'initramfs pour s'adapter aux matériels sans avoir à passer par un noyaux différent pour chaque configuration possible.
Cela permet aussi de faire de l’embarqué ( busybox ), d'avoir un système minimum en cas de problème lors du démarrage, ...
La plus part du temps, quand on compile un noyaux sur mesure pour un système particulier on ne fait pas d'initramfs. Ça ralentit le démarrage et ça n'apporte pas grand chose dans ce cas.

[esmairi]

bonne explication , je vous remerci
si vous pouvez m'aider , j'ai compilé un noyau linux 2.4(pour une architecture ARM) , mais un message d'erreur apparu lord de démarrage de mon noyau :

VFS: Mounted root (ext2 filesystem) on device 179:1.
devtmpfs: error mounting -2

[heinquoi]

je ne connais pas arm mais ca doit etre relativement ressemblant.
Le message indique qu'il ne parvient pas a monter le FS /dev lié a udev
quel est le contenu du fichier /etc/fstab
Des infos supplémentaire comme il y a -til un initramfs ? ( si oui des option existe pour avoir des messages d'erreurs )
a quel niveau du démarrage l'erreur apparaît-elle? la sortie d’écran complète pourrais être interessante

[esmairi]

## Booting kernel from Legacy Image at 02000000 ...
Image Name: Linux-3.5.3
Created: 2013-02-17 21:17:19 UTC
Image Type: ARM Linux Kernel Image (uncompressed)
Data Size: 3357144 Bytes = 3.2 MB
Load Address: 00008000
Entry Point: 00008000
Verifying Checksum ... OK
Loading Kernel Image ... OK
OK

Starting kernel ...

Uncompressing Linux... done, booting the kernel.
Booting Linux on physical CPU 0
Linux version 3.5.3 (adel@adel-Satellite-A100) (gcc version 4.3.3 (Sourcery G++3
CPU: ARMv7 Processor [560f5815] revision 5 (ARMv7), cr=10c53c7d
CPU: PIPT / VIPT nonaliasing data cache, PIPT instruction cache
Machine: SolidRun CuBox
Ignoring unrecognised tag 0x41000403
Ignoring unrecognised tag 0x41000404
vmeta size = 268435456, gpu_size = 67108864
gpu_mem start = 0x2c000000
Memory policy: ECC disabled, Data cache writeback
Built 1 zonelists in Zone order, mobility grouping off. Total pages: 178816
Kernel command line: console=ttyS0,115200n8 vmalloc=384M root=/dev/mmcblk0p2 ro0
PID hash table entries: 4096 (order: 2, 16384 bytes)
Dentry cache hash table entries: 131072 (order: 7, 524288 bytes)
Inode-cache hash table entries: 65536 (order: 6, 262144 bytes)
Memory: 704MB = 704MB total **********************************
Memory: 704908k/704908k available, 15988k reserved, 81920K highmem
Virtual kernel memory layout:
vector : 0xffff0000 - 0xffff1000 ( 4 kB)
fixmap : 0xfff00000 - 0xfffe0000 ( 896 kB)
vmalloc : 0xe7800000 - 0xff000000 ( 376 MB)
lowmem : 0xc0000000 - 0xe7000000 ( 624 MB)
pkmap : 0xbfe00000 - 0xc0000000 ( 2 MB)
modules : 0xbf000000 - 0xbfe00000 ( 14 MB)
.text : 0xc0008000 - 0xc0639000 (6340 kB)
.init : 0xc0639000 - 0xc066acac ( 200 kB)
.data : 0xc066c000 - 0xc06a3a40 ( 223 kB) *********************************
.bss : 0xc06a3a64 - 0xc06ca850 ( 156 kB)
NR_IRQS:135
sched_clock: 32 bits at 166MHz, resolution 5ns, wraps every 25769ms
Console: colour dummy device 80x30
Calibrating delay loop... 789.70 BogoMIPS (lpj=3948544)
pid_max: default: 32768 minimum: 301
Mount-cache hash table entries: 512
CPU: Testing write buffer coherency: ok
hw perfevents: no hardware support available
Setting up static identity map for 0x4f12e8 - 0x4f131c
devtmpfs: initialized
NET: Registered protocol family 16
Dove 88AP510 SoC, TCLK = 167MHz
Tauros2: Enabling L2 cache.
Tauros2: L2 cache support initialised in ARMv7 mode.
Register vmeta clk
Setting vmeta clock to 500000000 (divider: 4)
LCD0 doesn't use PLL.
Turn on PLL accurate mode.
hw-breakpoint: debug architecture 0x4 unsupported.
Dove PCIe port 0:
link down, ignoring
Dove PCIe port 1:
link down, ignoring
bio: create slab <bio-0> at 0
SCSI subsystem initialized
usbcore: registered new interface driver usbfs
usbcore: registered new interface driver hub
usbcore: registered new device driver usb
Advanced Linux Sound Architecture Driver Version 1.0.25.
Bluetooth: Core ver 2.16
NET: Registered protocol family 31
Bluetooth: HCI device and connection manager initialized
Bluetooth: HCI socket layer initialized
Bluetooth: L2CAP socket layer initialized
Bluetooth: SCO socket layer initialized
cfg80211: Calling CRDA to update world regulatory domain
Switching to clocksource orion_clocksource
NET: Registered protocol family 2
IP route cache hash table entries: 32768 (order: 5, 131072 bytes)
TCP established hash table entries: 131072 (order: 8, 1048576 bytes)
TCP bind hash table entries: 65536 (order: 6, 262144 bytes)
TCP: Hash tables configured (established 131072 bind 65536)
TCP: reno registered
UDP hash table entries: 512 (order: 1, 8192 bytes)
UDP-Lite hash table entries: 512 (order: 1, 8192 bytes)
NET: Registered protocol family 1
RPC: Registered named UNIX socket transport module.
RPC: Registered udp transport module.
RPC: Registered tcp transport module.
RPC: Registered tcp NFSv4.1 backchannel transport module.
Dove hwmon thermal sensor initialized.

[galcore] GC Version: GC Ver0.8.0.3184-1
galcore options:
irqLine = 48
registerMemBase = 0xF1840000
contiguousSize = 67108863
contiguousBase = 0x2C000000
bankSize = 0x02000000
fastClear = -1
compression = -1
signal = 48
baseAddress = 0x00000000

[galcore] registerBase =0xf1840000, registerMemSize = 0x0003ffff, contiguousBasf
[galcore] streamCount = 1
[galcore] registerMax = 64
[galcore] threadCount = 256
[galcore] shaderCoreCount = 1
[galcore] vertexCacheSize = 8
[galcore] vertexOutputBufferSize = 512

[galcore] real contiguouSize = 0x03ffffff

[galcore] chipModel=0x600,chipRevision=0x19,chipFeatures=0x87ecd,chipMinorFeatu7
highmem bounce pool size: 64 pages
jffs2: version 2.2. (NAND) �© 2001-2006 Red Hat, Inc.
msgmni has been set to 1216
io scheduler noop registered
io scheduler deadline registered
io scheduler cfq registered (default)
mv_xor_shared mv_xor_shared.0: Marvell shared XOR driver
mv_xor_shared mv_xor_shared.1: Marvell shared XOR driver
mv_xor mv_xor.0: Marvell XOR: ( xor cpy )
mv_xor mv_xor.1: Marvell XOR: ( xor fill cpy )
mv_xor mv_xor.2: Marvell XOR: ( xor cpy )
mv_xor mv_xor.3: Marvell XOR: ( xor fill cpy )
Serial: 8250/16550 driver, 2 ports, IRQ sharing disabled
serial8250.0: ttyS0 at MMIO 0xf1012000 (irq = 7) is a 16550A
console [ttyS0] enabled
serial8250.1: ttyS1 at MMIO 0xf1012100 (irq = 8) is a 16550A
brd: module loaded
loop: module loaded
BMM Module Vmeta memroy start: 0x30000000, size: 268435456
BMM init with size=256MB **************************
sata_mv sata_mv.0: cannot get optional clkdev
sata_mv sata_mv.0: slots 32 ports 1
scsi0 : sata_mv
ata1: SATA max UDMA/133 irq 62
orion_spi orion_spi.0: master is unqueued, this is deprecated
m25p80 spi0.0: unrecognized JEDEC id 20ba16
orion_spi orion_spi.1: master is unqueued, this is deprecated
HSI/SSI char device loaded
mv643xx_eth: MV-643xx 10/100/1000 ethernet driver version 1.4
mv643xx_eth smi: probed
mv643xx_eth_port mv643xx_eth_port.0: eth0: port 0 with MAC address 00:50:43:ba:6
[1] internal addr[0xffd00000],addr[0x10400000] size[524288]
[2] internal addr[0xffdc0000],addr[0x10390000] size[65536]
[3] internal addr[0xffdd9000],addr[0x10325000] size[4096]
ehci_hcd: USB 2.0 'Enhanced' Host Controller (EHCI) Driver
orion-ehci orion-ehci.0: Marvell Orion EHCI
orion-ehci orion-ehci.0: new USB bus registered, assigned bus number 1
orion-ehci orion-ehci.0: irq 24, io mem 0xf1050000
orion-ehci orion-ehci.0: USB 2.0 started, EHCI 1.00
hub 1-0:1.0: USB hub found
hub 1-0:1.0: 1 port detected
orion-ehci orion-ehci.1: Marvell Orion EHCI
orion-ehci orion-ehci.1: new USB bus registered, assigned bus number 2
orion-ehci orion-ehci.1: irq 25, io mem 0xf1051000
orion-ehci orion-ehci.1: USB 2.0 started, EHCI 1.00
hub 2-0:1.0: USB hub found
hub 2-0:1.0: 1 port detected
usbcore: registered new interface driver cdc_wdm
Initializing USB Mass Storage driver...
usbcore: registered new interface driver usb-storage
USB Mass Storage support registered.
usbcore: registered new interface driver synaptics_usb
rtc-mv rtc-mv: rtc core: registered rtc-mv as rtc0
i2c /dev entries driver
lirc_dev: IR Remote Control driver registered, major 252 *************
IR NEC protocol handler initialized **
IR RC5(x) protocol handler initialized ****
IR RC6 protocol handler initialized ****
IR JVC protocol handler initialized ******
IR Sony protocol handler initialized ******
IR RC5 (streamzap) protocol handler initialized ******
IR SANYO protocol handler initialized *******
IR MCE Keyboard/mouse protocol handler initialized *******
IR LIRC bridge handler initialized
Registered IR keymap rc-empty *******
input: gpio_ir_recv as /devices/virtual/rc/rc0/input0 *******
rc0: gpio_ir_recv as /devices/virtual/rc/rc0 ********
input: MCE IR Keyboard/Mouse (gpio-rc-recv) as /devices/virtual/input/input1 ***********
rc rc0: lirc_dev: driver ir-lirc-codec (gpio-rc-recv) registered at minor = 0 ********
sdhci: Secure Digital Host Controller Interface driver
sdhci: Copyright(c) Pierre Ossman
sdhci-pltfm: SDHCI platform and OF driver helper
switching to TEMP ****************
ata1: SATA link down (SStatus 0 SControl F300) ***********
mmc0: SDHCI controller on sdhci-dove.0 [sdhci-dove.0] using DMA
mmc0: new SD card at address b83d
mmcblk0: mmc0:b83d SU02G 1.84 GiB
mmcblk0: p1 p2
mmc1: SDHCI controller on sdhci-dove.1 [sdhci-dove.1] using DMA
usbcore: registered new interface driver usbhid
usbhid: USB HID core driver
si5351 0-0060: registered si5351 i2c client
si5351 0-0060: external clock setup : clkdev = d0381ea0
cubox_extclk_setup : add alias 'extclk/dovefb.0' to clkout0 w 0
external clock setup done
kirkwood-i2s kirkwood-i2s.1: found external clock **************
kirkwood-spdif-audio kirkwood-spdif-audio.1: ASoC: Failed to create card debugfy ****************
asoc: dit-hifi <-> kirkwood-i2s.1 mapping ok *****************
oprofile: no performance counters
oprofile: using timer interrupt.
TCP: cubic registered
NET: Registered protocol family 17
lib80211: common routines for IEEE802.11 drivers
VFP support v0.3: implementor 56 architecture 2 part 20 variant 9 rev 5
ThumbEE CPU extension supported.
PJ4 iWMMXt coprocessor enabled.
Dove FB driver:
Initialize /proc/mv_lcd0
use cat /proc/mv_lcd0 to see reg settings
dovefb dovefb.0: use ref clock extclk
o Kernel parameter: 1920x1080-16@60.
o Failed to read EDID information,using driver resolutions table.
found <1920x1080@60>, pixclock=6734
set_clock_divider : setup reference clk to 148500148
Setting HDMI TX resolution to 1920x1080p @ 60
HDMI TX - FOUND exact resolution 16
YC pitch is 0.User program needs refine
Console: switching to colour frame buffer device 240x67
set_clock_divider : setup reference clk to 148500148
Setting HDMI TX resolution to 1920x1080p @ 60
HDMI TX - FOUND exact resolution 16
o dovefb: frame buffer device was successfully loaded.
hdmicec(tda19989) 1.3.0 compiled: Feb 17 2013 22:14:15 -ioctl (2009-10-15)
hdmicec:cec_init:.verbose mode *********************************
hdmicec:this_i2c_probe:called ********************************
hdmicec:this_i2c_probe:HDMI CEC SW Version:1.4 compatibility:0 ***************************
hdmicec declared as a playback device type ********************
hdmicec:cec_standby:on --> standby
hdmitx(tda19989) 1.3.0 compiled: Feb 17 2013 22:14:18 -ioctl (2009-10-15)
HDMI TX SW Version:5.3 compatibility:0
HDMI Int multi-transition
rtc-mv rtc-mv: setting system clock to 2000-08-12 13:51:37 UTC (966088297)
ALSA device list:
#0: Kirkwood S/PDIF
kjournald starting. Commit interval 5 seconds
EXT3-fs (mmcblk0p2): using internal journal
EXT3-fs (mmcblk0p2): mounted filesystem with ordered data mode
VFS: Mounted root (ext3 filesystem) on device 179:2.
devtmpfs: error mounting -2
Freeing init memory: 196K
Kernel panic - not syncing: No init found. Try passing init= option to kernel..

[heinquoi]

bonjour,

c'est un peu plus claire, c'est vers la fin du boot avant le passage a init. Quels sont les périphériques de stockage: SSD, SD,SDHC, disque dur, ... Et quels sont leurs formats: fat32, ext3, ext4, ntfs ? Il y a t-il des partions ...