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man bash
Event Designators
An event designator is a reference to a command line entry in the history list.
! Start a history substitution, except when followed by a blank, newline, carriage return, = or ( (when the extglob shell option is
enabled using the shopt builtin).
!n Refer to command line n.
!-n Refer to the current command line minus n.
!! Refer to the previous command. This is a synonym for `!-1'.
!string
Refer to the most recent command starting with string.
!?string[?]
Refer to the most recent command containing string. The trailing ? may be omitted if string is followed immediately by a newline.
^string1^string2^
Quick substitution. Repeat the last command, replacing string1 with string2. Equivalent to ``!!:s/string1/string2/'' (see Modi-
fiers below).
!# The entire command line typed so far.
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