erreur pour la ligne de commande gcc

Bonjour,

Je m'initie à la SDL2 avec 1 tuto en ligne

Voici le lien http://lazyfoo.net/tutorials/SDL/04_...sses/index.php

Le script est

Code:

---

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 171 172 173 174 175 176 177 178 179 180 181 182 183 184 185 186 187 188 189 190 191 192 193 194 195 196 197 198 199 200 201 202 203 204 205 206 207 208 209 210 211 212 213 214 215 216 217 218 219 220 221 222 223 224 225 226 227 228 229 230 231 232 233 234

/*This source code copyrighted by Lazy Foo' Productions (2004-2020) and may not be redistributed without written permission.*/   //Using SDL, standard IO, and strings #include <SDL.h> #include <stdio.h> #include <string>   //Screen dimension constants const int SCREEN_WIDTH = 640; const int SCREEN_HEIGHT = 480;   //Key press surfaces constants enum KeyPressSurfaces { KEY_PRESS_SURFACE_DEFAULT, KEY_PRESS_SURFACE_UP, KEY_PRESS_SURFACE_DOWN, KEY_PRESS_SURFACE_LEFT, KEY_PRESS_SURFACE_RIGHT, KEY_PRESS_SURFACE_TOTAL };   //Starts up SDL and creates window bool init();   //Loads media bool loadMedia();   //Frees media and shuts down SDL void close();   //Loads individual image SDL_Surface* loadSurface( std::string path );   //The window we'll be rendering to SDL_Window* gWindow = NULL;   //The surface contained by the window SDL_Surface* gScreenSurface = NULL;   //The images that correspond to a keypress SDL_Surface* gKeyPressSurfaces[ KEY_PRESS_SURFACE_TOTAL ];   //Current displayed image SDL_Surface* gCurrentSurface = NULL;   bool init() { //Initialization flag bool success = true;   //Initialize SDL if( SDL_Init( SDL_INIT_VIDEO ) < 0 ) { printf( "SDL could not initialize! SDL Error: %s\n", SDL_GetError() ); success = false; } else { //Create window gWindow = SDL_CreateWindow( "SDL Tutorial", SDL_WINDOWPOS_UNDEFINED, SDL_WINDOWPOS_UNDEFINED, SCREEN_WIDTH, SCREEN_HEIGHT, SDL_WINDOW_SHOWN ); if( gWindow == NULL ) { printf( "Window could not be created! SDL Error: %s\n", SDL_GetError() ); success = false; } else { //Get window surface gScreenSurface = SDL_GetWindowSurface( gWindow ); } }   return success; }   bool loadMedia() { //Loading success flag bool success = true;   //Load default surface gKeyPressSurfaces[ KEY_PRESS_SURFACE_DEFAULT ] = loadSurface( "04_key_presses/press.bmp" ); if( gKeyPressSurfaces[ KEY_PRESS_SURFACE_DEFAULT ] == NULL ) { printf( "Failed to load default image!\n" ); success = false; }   //Load up surface gKeyPressSurfaces[ KEY_PRESS_SURFACE_UP ] = loadSurface( "04_key_presses/up.bmp" ); if( gKeyPressSurfaces[ KEY_PRESS_SURFACE_UP ] == NULL ) { printf( "Failed to load up image!\n" ); success = false; }   //Load down surface gKeyPressSurfaces[ KEY_PRESS_SURFACE_DOWN ] = loadSurface( "04_key_presses/down.bmp" ); if( gKeyPressSurfaces[ KEY_PRESS_SURFACE_DOWN ] == NULL ) { printf( "Failed to load down image!\n" ); success = false; }   //Load left surface gKeyPressSurfaces[ KEY_PRESS_SURFACE_LEFT ] = loadSurface( "04_key_presses/left.bmp" ); if( gKeyPressSurfaces[ KEY_PRESS_SURFACE_LEFT ] == NULL ) { printf( "Failed to load left image!\n" ); success = false; }   //Load right surface gKeyPressSurfaces[ KEY_PRESS_SURFACE_RIGHT ] = loadSurface( "04_key_presses/right.bmp" ); if( gKeyPressSurfaces[ KEY_PRESS_SURFACE_RIGHT ] == NULL ) { printf( "Failed to load right image!\n" ); success = false; }   return success; }   void close() { //Deallocate surfaces for( int i = 0; i < KEY_PRESS_SURFACE_TOTAL; ++i ) { SDL_FreeSurface( gKeyPressSurfaces[ i ] ); gKeyPressSurfaces[ i ] = NULL; }   //Destroy window SDL_DestroyWindow( gWindow ); gWindow = NULL;   //Quit SDL subsystems SDL_Quit(); }   SDL_Surface* loadSurface( std::string path ) { //Load image at specified path SDL_Surface* loadedSurface = SDL_LoadBMP( path.c_str() ); if( loadedSurface == NULL ) { printf( "Unable to load image %s! SDL Error: %s\n", path.c_str(), SDL_GetError() ); }   return loadedSurface; }     int main( int argc, char* args[] ) { //Start up SDL and create window if( !init() ) { printf( "Failed to initialize!\n" ); } else { //Load media if( !loadMedia() ) { printf( "Failed to load media!\n" ); } else { //Main loop flag bool quit = false;   //Event handler SDL_Event e;   //Set default current surface gCurrentSurface = gKeyPressSurfaces[ KEY_PRESS_SURFACE_DEFAULT ];   //While application is running while( !quit ) { //Handle events on queue while( SDL_PollEvent( &e ) != 0 ) { //User requests quit if( e.type == SDL_QUIT ) { quit = true; } //User presses a key else if( e.type == SDL_KEYDOWN ) { //Select surfaces based on key press switch( e.key.keysym.sym ) { case SDLK_UP: gCurrentSurface = gKeyPressSurfaces[ KEY_PRESS_SURFACE_UP ]; break;   case SDLK_DOWN: gCurrentSurface = gKeyPressSurfaces[ KEY_PRESS_SURFACE_DOWN ]; break;   case SDLK_LEFT: gCurrentSurface = gKeyPressSurfaces[ KEY_PRESS_SURFACE_LEFT ]; break;   case SDLK_RIGHT: gCurrentSurface = gKeyPressSurfaces[ KEY_PRESS_SURFACE_RIGHT ]; break;   default: gCurrentSurface = gKeyPressSurfaces[ KEY_PRESS_SURFACE_DEFAULT ]; break; } } }   //Apply the current image SDL_BlitSurface( gCurrentSurface, NULL, gScreenSurface, NULL );   //Update the surface SDL_UpdateWindowSurface( gWindow ); } } }   //Free resources and close SDL close();   return 0; }

---

J utilise le Terminal de Visual Studio Code pour le compiler

Code:

---

1 2 3 4 5

// commande //---------- cd C:\Users\...\Desktop\visual_studio_code_sdl\tuto_Lazy_Foo_Productions\04_key_presses gcc src/main.cpp -o bin/nom_projet -I include -L lib -lmingw32 -lSDL2main -lSDL2 -lSDL2_image bin\nom_projet.exe

---

Le message d erreur suivant apparait pour la ligne de commande gcc

Code:

---

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35

gcc src/main.cpp -o bin/nom_projet -I include -L lib -lmingw32 -lSDL2main -lSDL2 -lSDL2_image C:/msys64/mingw64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/10.3.0/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/bin/ld.exe: C:\Users\...\AppData\Local\Temp\ccTUJ5jN.o:main.cpp:(.text+0xd1): undefined reference to `std::allocator<char>::allocator()' C:/msys64/mingw64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/10.3.0/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/bin/ld.exe: C:\Users\...\AppData\Local\Temp\ccTUJ5jN.o:main.cpp:(.text+0xeb): undefined reference to `std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >::basic_string(char const*, std::allocator<char> const&)' C:/msys64/mingw64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/10.3.0/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/bin/ld.exe: C:\Users\...\AppData\Local\Temp\ccTUJ5jN.o:main.cpp:(.text+0x10a): undefined reference to `std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >::~basic_string()' C:/msys64/mingw64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/10.3.0/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/bin/ld.exe: C:\Users\...\AppData\Local\Temp\ccTUJ5jN.o:main.cpp:(.text+0x116): undefined reference to `std::allocator<char>::~allocator()' C:/msys64/mingw64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/10.3.0/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/bin/ld.exe: C:\Users\...\AppData\Local\Temp\ccTUJ5jN.o:main.cpp:(.text+0x141): undefined reference to `std::allocator<char>::allocator()' C:/msys64/mingw64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/10.3.0/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/bin/ld.exe: C:\Users\...\AppData\Local\Temp\ccTUJ5jN.o:main.cpp:(.text+0x15b): undefined reference to `std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >::basic_string(char const*, std::allocator<char> const&)' C:/msys64/mingw64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/10.3.0/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/bin/ld.exe: C:\Users\...\AppData\Local\Temp\ccTUJ5jN.o:main.cpp:(.text+0x17a): undefined reference to `std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >::~basic_string()' C:/msys64/mingw64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/10.3.0/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/bin/ld.exe: C:\Users\...\AppData\Local\Temp\ccTUJ5jN.o:main.cpp:(.text+0x186): undefined reference to `std::allocator<char>::~allocator()' C:/msys64/mingw64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/10.3.0/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/bin/ld.exe: C:\Users\...\AppData\Local\Temp\ccTUJ5jN.o:main.cpp:(.text+0x1b1): undefined reference to `std::allocator<char>::allocator()' C:/msys64/mingw64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/10.3.0/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/bin/ld.exe: C:\Users\...\AppData\Local\Temp\ccTUJ5jN.o:main.cpp:(.text+0x1ca): undefined reference to `std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >::basic_string(char const*, std::allocator<char> const&)' C:/msys64/mingw64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/10.3.0/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/bin/ld.exe: C:\Users\...\AppData\Local\Temp\ccTUJ5jN.o:main.cpp:(.text+0x1e7): undefined reference to `std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >::~basic_string()' C:/msys64/mingw64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/10.3.0/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/bin/ld.exe: C:\Users\...\AppData\Local\Temp\ccTUJ5jN.o:main.cpp:(.text+0x1f3): undefined reference to `std::allocator<char>::~allocator()' C:/msys64/mingw64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/10.3.0/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/bin/ld.exe: C:\Users\...\AppData\Local\Temp\ccTUJ5jN.o:main.cpp:(.text+0x21e): undefined reference to `std::allocator<char>::allocator()' C:/msys64/mingw64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/10.3.0/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/bin/ld.exe: C:\Users\...\AppData\Local\Temp\ccTUJ5jN.o:main.cpp:(.text+0x238): undefined reference to `std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >::basic_string(char const*, std::allocator<char> const&)' C:/msys64/mingw64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/10.3.0/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/bin/ld.exe: C:\Users\...\AppData\Local\Temp\ccTUJ5jN.o:main.cpp:(.text+0x257): undefined reference to `std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >::~basic_string()' C:/msys64/mingw64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/10.3.0/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/bin/ld.exe: C:\Users\...\AppData\Local\Temp\ccTUJ5jN.o:main.cpp:(.text+0x263): undefined reference to `std::allocator<char>::~allocator()' C:/msys64/mingw64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/10.3.0/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/bin/ld.exe: C:\Users\...\AppData\Local\Temp\ccTUJ5jN.o:main.cpp:(.text+0x291): undefined reference to `std::allocator<char>::allocator()' C:/msys64/mingw64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/10.3.0/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/bin/ld.exe: C:\Users\...\AppData\Local\Temp\ccTUJ5jN.o:main.cpp:(.text+0x2ae): undefined reference to `std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >::basic_string(char const*, std::allocator<char> const&)' C:/msys64/mingw64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/10.3.0/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/bin/ld.exe: C:\Users\...\AppData\Local\Temp\ccTUJ5jN.o:main.cpp:(.text+0x2cd): undefined reference to `std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >::~basic_string()' C:/msys64/mingw64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/10.3.0/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/bin/ld.exe: C:\Users\...\AppData\Local\Temp\ccTUJ5jN.o:main.cpp:(.text+0x2dc): undefined reference to `std::allocator<char>::~allocator()' C:/msys64/mingw64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/10.3.0/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/bin/ld.exe: C:\Users\...\AppData\Local\Temp\ccTUJ5jN.o:main.cpp:(.text+0x316): undefined reference to `std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >::~basic_string()' C:/msys64/mingw64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/10.3.0/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/bin/ld.exe: C:\Users\...\AppData\Local\Temp\ccTUJ5jN.o:main.cpp:(.text+0x327): undefined reference to `std::allocator<char>::~allocator()' C:/msys64/mingw64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/10.3.0/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/bin/ld.exe: C:\Users\...\AppData\Local\Temp\ccTUJ5jN.o:main.cpp:(.text+0x341): undefined reference to `std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >::~basic_string()' C:/msys64/mingw64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/10.3.0/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/bin/ld.exe: C:\Users\...\AppData\Local\Temp\ccTUJ5jN.o:main.cpp:(.text+0x352): undefined reference to `std::allocator<char>::~allocator()' C:/msys64/mingw64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/10.3.0/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/bin/ld.exe: C:\Users\...\AppData\Local\Temp\ccTUJ5jN.o:main.cpp:(.text+0x36b): undefined reference to `std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >::~basic_string()' C:/msys64/mingw64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/10.3.0/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/bin/ld.exe: C:\Users\...\AppData\Local\Temp\ccTUJ5jN.o:main.cpp:(.text+0x37c): undefined reference to `std::allocator<char>::~allocator()' C:/msys64/mingw64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/10.3.0/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/bin/ld.exe: C:\Users\...\AppData\Local\Temp\ccTUJ5jN.o:main.cpp:(.text+0x396): undefined reference to `std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >::~basic_string()' C:/msys64/mingw64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/10.3.0/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/bin/ld.exe: C:\Users\...\AppData\Local\Temp\ccTUJ5jN.o:main.cpp:(.text+0x3a7): undefined reference to `std::allocator<char>::~allocator()' C:/msys64/mingw64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/10.3.0/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/bin/ld.exe: C:\Users\...\AppData\Local\Temp\ccTUJ5jN.o:main.cpp:(.text+0x3c1): undefined reference to `std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >::~basic_string()' C:/msys64/mingw64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/10.3.0/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/bin/ld.exe: C:\Users\...\AppData\Local\Temp\ccTUJ5jN.o:main.cpp:(.text+0x3d5): undefined reference to `std::allocator<char>::~allocator()' C:/msys64/mingw64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/10.3.0/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/bin/ld.exe: C:\Users\...\AppData\Local\Temp\ccTUJ5jN.o:main.cpp:(.text+0x47f): undefined reference to `std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >::c_str() const' C:/msys64/mingw64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/10.3.0/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/bin/ld.exe: C:\Users\...\AppData\Local\Temp\ccTUJ5jN.o:main.cpp:(.text+0x4b7): undefined reference to `std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >::c_str() const' C:/msys64/mingw64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/10.3.0/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/bin/ld.exe: C:\Users\...\AppData\Local\Temp\ccTUJ5jN.o:main.cpp:(.xdata+0x1c): undefined reference to `__gxx_personality_seh0' collect2.exe: error: ld returned 1 exit status

---

Merci pour votre aide
Cordialement

gcc c'est pas le compilateur C ? Et g++ pour le C++ ?
Vu ton code, tu peux très bien faire ça en C, pas grand intérêt d'utiliser que std::string ainsi si c'est pour garder tout le reste du C.

Merci

En langage C++ ça marche en changeant gcc par g++

Si on veut lancer la compilation avec gcc et donc en c:
je remplace:

Code:

---

1 2 3 4 5 6

en c++ => en c std::string => char * bool => int true => 1 (!=0) false => 0

---

j obtiens le message d erreur suivant

Code:

---

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

PS C:\Users\...\Desktop\visual_studio_code_sdl\tuto_Lazy_Foo_Productions\projet_sdl_Lesson_04_key_presses> gcc src/main.c -o bin/nom_projet_c -I include -L lib -lmingw32 -lSDL2main -lSDL2 -lSDL2_image In file included from include/SDL_video.h:34, from include/SDL_events.h:33, from include/SDL.h:41, from src/main.c:13: src/main.c: In function 'loadSurface': src/main.c:154:48: error: request for member 'c_str' in something not a structure or union 154 | SDL_Surface* loadedSurface = SDL_LoadBMP( path.c_str() ); | ^ include/SDL_surface.h:353:59: note: in definition of macro 'SDL_LoadBMP' 353 | #define SDL_LoadBMP(file) SDL_LoadBMP_RW(SDL_RWFromFile(file, "rb"), 1) | ^~~~ src/main.c:157:59: error: request for member 'c_str' in something not a structure or union 157 | printf( "Unable to load image %s! SDL Error: %s\n", path.c_str(), SDL_GetError() ); | ^

---

c_str() est une fonction qui renvoie un pointeur sur la chaine

Que signifie "path" en c j ai pas trouvé sur le net: le chemin d accès? c est 1 mot clé?

Comment interpreter "path.c_str()"?

ici path est une class , donc path.c_str() , est ce qui renvoie une chaîne de caractère du type C.
En C on aurait tout simplement écrit "path".