erreur pour la ligne de commande gcc

**binco** · 13/01/2022, 21h36

Bonjour,

Je m'initie à la SDL2 avec 1 tuto en ligne

Voici le lien http://lazyfoo.net/tutorials/SDL/04_...sses/index.php

Le script est

Code :

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/*This source code copyrighted by Lazy Foo' Productions (2004-2020)
and may not be redistributed without written permission.*/
 
//Using SDL, standard IO, and strings
#include <SDL.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string>
 
//Screen dimension constants
const int SCREEN_WIDTH = 640;
const int SCREEN_HEIGHT = 480;
 
//Key press surfaces constants
enum KeyPressSurfaces
{
	KEY_PRESS_SURFACE_DEFAULT,
	KEY_PRESS_SURFACE_UP,
	KEY_PRESS_SURFACE_DOWN,
	KEY_PRESS_SURFACE_LEFT,
	KEY_PRESS_SURFACE_RIGHT,
	KEY_PRESS_SURFACE_TOTAL
};
 
//Starts up SDL and creates window
bool init();
 
//Loads media
bool loadMedia();
 
//Frees media and shuts down SDL
void close();
 
//Loads individual image
SDL_Surface* loadSurface( std::string path );
 
//The window we'll be rendering to
SDL_Window* gWindow = NULL;
 
//The surface contained by the window
SDL_Surface* gScreenSurface = NULL;
 
//The images that correspond to a keypress
SDL_Surface* gKeyPressSurfaces[ KEY_PRESS_SURFACE_TOTAL ];
 
//Current displayed image
SDL_Surface* gCurrentSurface = NULL;
 
bool init()
{
	//Initialization flag
	bool success = true;
 
	//Initialize SDL
	if( SDL_Init( SDL_INIT_VIDEO ) < 0 )
	{
		printf( "SDL could not initialize! SDL Error: %s\n", SDL_GetError() );
		success = false;
	}
	else
	{
		//Create window
		gWindow = SDL_CreateWindow( "SDL Tutorial", SDL_WINDOWPOS_UNDEFINED, SDL_WINDOWPOS_UNDEFINED, SCREEN_WIDTH, SCREEN_HEIGHT, SDL_WINDOW_SHOWN );
		if( gWindow == NULL )
		{
			printf( "Window could not be created! SDL Error: %s\n", SDL_GetError() );
			success = false;
		}
		else
		{
			//Get window surface
			gScreenSurface = SDL_GetWindowSurface( gWindow );
		}
	}
 
	return success;
}
 
bool loadMedia()
{
	//Loading success flag
	bool success = true;
 
	//Load default surface
	gKeyPressSurfaces[ KEY_PRESS_SURFACE_DEFAULT ] = loadSurface( "04_key_presses/press.bmp" );
	if( gKeyPressSurfaces[ KEY_PRESS_SURFACE_DEFAULT ] == NULL )
	{
		printf( "Failed to load default image!\n" );
		success = false;
	}
 
	//Load up surface
	gKeyPressSurfaces[ KEY_PRESS_SURFACE_UP ] = loadSurface( "04_key_presses/up.bmp" );
	if( gKeyPressSurfaces[ KEY_PRESS_SURFACE_UP ] == NULL )
	{
		printf( "Failed to load up image!\n" );
		success = false;
	}
 
	//Load down surface
	gKeyPressSurfaces[ KEY_PRESS_SURFACE_DOWN ] = loadSurface( "04_key_presses/down.bmp" );
	if( gKeyPressSurfaces[ KEY_PRESS_SURFACE_DOWN ] == NULL )
	{
		printf( "Failed to load down image!\n" );
		success = false;
	}
 
	//Load left surface
	gKeyPressSurfaces[ KEY_PRESS_SURFACE_LEFT ] = loadSurface( "04_key_presses/left.bmp" );
	if( gKeyPressSurfaces[ KEY_PRESS_SURFACE_LEFT ] == NULL )
	{
		printf( "Failed to load left image!\n" );
		success = false;
	}
 
	//Load right surface
	gKeyPressSurfaces[ KEY_PRESS_SURFACE_RIGHT ] = loadSurface( "04_key_presses/right.bmp" );
	if( gKeyPressSurfaces[ KEY_PRESS_SURFACE_RIGHT ] == NULL )
	{
		printf( "Failed to load right image!\n" );
		success = false;
	}
 
	return success;
}
 
void close()
{
	//Deallocate surfaces
	for( int i = 0; i < KEY_PRESS_SURFACE_TOTAL; ++i )
	{
		SDL_FreeSurface( gKeyPressSurfaces[ i ] );
		gKeyPressSurfaces[ i ] = NULL;
	}
 
	//Destroy window
	SDL_DestroyWindow( gWindow );
	gWindow = NULL;
 
	//Quit SDL subsystems
	SDL_Quit();
}
 
SDL_Surface* loadSurface( std::string path )
{
	//Load image at specified path
	SDL_Surface* loadedSurface = SDL_LoadBMP( path.c_str() );
	if( loadedSurface == NULL )
	{
		printf( "Unable to load image %s! SDL Error: %s\n", path.c_str(), SDL_GetError() );
	}
 
	return loadedSurface;
}
 
 
int main( int argc, char* args[] )
{
	//Start up SDL and create window
	if( !init() )
	{
		printf( "Failed to initialize!\n" );
	}
	else
	{
		//Load media
		if( !loadMedia() )
		{
			printf( "Failed to load media!\n" );
		}
		else
		{	
			//Main loop flag
			bool quit = false;
 
			//Event handler
			SDL_Event e;
 
			//Set default current surface
			gCurrentSurface = gKeyPressSurfaces[ KEY_PRESS_SURFACE_DEFAULT ];
 
			//While application is running
			while( !quit )
			{
				//Handle events on queue
				while( SDL_PollEvent( &e ) != 0 )
				{
					//User requests quit
					if( e.type == SDL_QUIT )
					{
						quit = true;
					}
					//User presses a key
					else if( e.type == SDL_KEYDOWN )
					{
						//Select surfaces based on key press
						switch( e.key.keysym.sym )
						{
							case SDLK_UP:
							gCurrentSurface = gKeyPressSurfaces[ KEY_PRESS_SURFACE_UP ];
							break;
 
							case SDLK_DOWN:
							gCurrentSurface = gKeyPressSurfaces[ KEY_PRESS_SURFACE_DOWN ];
							break;
 
							case SDLK_LEFT:
							gCurrentSurface = gKeyPressSurfaces[ KEY_PRESS_SURFACE_LEFT ];
							break;
 
							case SDLK_RIGHT:
							gCurrentSurface = gKeyPressSurfaces[ KEY_PRESS_SURFACE_RIGHT ];
							break;
 
							default:
							gCurrentSurface = gKeyPressSurfaces[ KEY_PRESS_SURFACE_DEFAULT ];
							break;
						}
					}
				}
 
				//Apply the current image
				SDL_BlitSurface( gCurrentSurface, NULL, gScreenSurface, NULL );
 
				//Update the surface
				SDL_UpdateWindowSurface( gWindow );
			}
		}
	}
 
	//Free resources and close SDL
	close();
 
	return 0;
}

J utilise le Terminal de Visual Studio Code pour le compiler

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// commande
//----------
cd C:\Users\...\Desktop\visual_studio_code_sdl\tuto_Lazy_Foo_Productions\04_key_presses
gcc src/main.cpp -o bin/nom_projet -I include -L lib -lmingw32 -lSDL2main -lSDL2 -lSDL2_image
bin\nom_projet.exe

Le message d erreur suivant apparait pour la ligne de commande gcc

Code :

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gcc src/main.cpp -o bin/nom_projet -I include -L lib -lmingw32 -lSDL2main -lSDL2 -lSDL2_image 
C:/msys64/mingw64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/10.3.0/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/bin/ld.exe: C:\Users\...\AppData\Local\Temp\ccTUJ5jN.o:main.cpp:(.text+0xd1): undefined reference to `std::allocator<char>::allocator()'
C:/msys64/mingw64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/10.3.0/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/bin/ld.exe: C:\Users\...\AppData\Local\Temp\ccTUJ5jN.o:main.cpp:(.text+0xeb): undefined reference to `std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >::basic_string(char const*, std::allocator<char> const&)'
C:/msys64/mingw64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/10.3.0/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/bin/ld.exe: C:\Users\...\AppData\Local\Temp\ccTUJ5jN.o:main.cpp:(.text+0x10a): undefined reference to `std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >::~basic_string()'
C:/msys64/mingw64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/10.3.0/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/bin/ld.exe: C:\Users\...\AppData\Local\Temp\ccTUJ5jN.o:main.cpp:(.text+0x116): undefined reference to `std::allocator<char>::~allocator()'
C:/msys64/mingw64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/10.3.0/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/bin/ld.exe: C:\Users\...\AppData\Local\Temp\ccTUJ5jN.o:main.cpp:(.text+0x141): undefined reference to `std::allocator<char>::allocator()'
C:/msys64/mingw64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/10.3.0/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/bin/ld.exe: C:\Users\...\AppData\Local\Temp\ccTUJ5jN.o:main.cpp:(.text+0x15b): undefined reference to `std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >::basic_string(char const*, std::allocator<char> const&)'
C:/msys64/mingw64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/10.3.0/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/bin/ld.exe: C:\Users\...\AppData\Local\Temp\ccTUJ5jN.o:main.cpp:(.text+0x17a): undefined reference to `std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >::~basic_string()'
C:/msys64/mingw64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/10.3.0/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/bin/ld.exe: C:\Users\...\AppData\Local\Temp\ccTUJ5jN.o:main.cpp:(.text+0x186): undefined reference to `std::allocator<char>::~allocator()'
C:/msys64/mingw64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/10.3.0/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/bin/ld.exe: C:\Users\...\AppData\Local\Temp\ccTUJ5jN.o:main.cpp:(.text+0x1b1): undefined reference to `std::allocator<char>::allocator()'
C:/msys64/mingw64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/10.3.0/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/bin/ld.exe: C:\Users\...\AppData\Local\Temp\ccTUJ5jN.o:main.cpp:(.text+0x1ca): undefined reference to `std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >::basic_string(char const*, std::allocator<char> const&)'
C:/msys64/mingw64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/10.3.0/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/bin/ld.exe: C:\Users\...\AppData\Local\Temp\ccTUJ5jN.o:main.cpp:(.text+0x1e7): undefined reference to `std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >::~basic_string()'
C:/msys64/mingw64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/10.3.0/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/bin/ld.exe: C:\Users\...\AppData\Local\Temp\ccTUJ5jN.o:main.cpp:(.text+0x1f3): undefined reference to `std::allocator<char>::~allocator()'
C:/msys64/mingw64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/10.3.0/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/bin/ld.exe: C:\Users\...\AppData\Local\Temp\ccTUJ5jN.o:main.cpp:(.text+0x21e): undefined reference to `std::allocator<char>::allocator()'
C:/msys64/mingw64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/10.3.0/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/bin/ld.exe: C:\Users\...\AppData\Local\Temp\ccTUJ5jN.o:main.cpp:(.text+0x238): undefined reference to `std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >::basic_string(char const*, std::allocator<char> const&)'
C:/msys64/mingw64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/10.3.0/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/bin/ld.exe: C:\Users\...\AppData\Local\Temp\ccTUJ5jN.o:main.cpp:(.text+0x257): undefined reference to `std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >::~basic_string()'
C:/msys64/mingw64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/10.3.0/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/bin/ld.exe: C:\Users\...\AppData\Local\Temp\ccTUJ5jN.o:main.cpp:(.text+0x263): undefined reference to `std::allocator<char>::~allocator()'
C:/msys64/mingw64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/10.3.0/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/bin/ld.exe: C:\Users\...\AppData\Local\Temp\ccTUJ5jN.o:main.cpp:(.text+0x291): undefined reference to `std::allocator<char>::allocator()'
C:/msys64/mingw64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/10.3.0/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/bin/ld.exe: C:\Users\...\AppData\Local\Temp\ccTUJ5jN.o:main.cpp:(.text+0x2ae): undefined reference to `std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >::basic_string(char const*, std::allocator<char> const&)'
C:/msys64/mingw64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/10.3.0/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/bin/ld.exe: C:\Users\...\AppData\Local\Temp\ccTUJ5jN.o:main.cpp:(.text+0x2cd): undefined reference to `std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >::~basic_string()'
C:/msys64/mingw64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/10.3.0/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/bin/ld.exe: C:\Users\...\AppData\Local\Temp\ccTUJ5jN.o:main.cpp:(.text+0x2dc): undefined reference to `std::allocator<char>::~allocator()'
C:/msys64/mingw64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/10.3.0/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/bin/ld.exe: C:\Users\...\AppData\Local\Temp\ccTUJ5jN.o:main.cpp:(.text+0x316): undefined reference to `std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >::~basic_string()'
C:/msys64/mingw64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/10.3.0/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/bin/ld.exe: C:\Users\...\AppData\Local\Temp\ccTUJ5jN.o:main.cpp:(.text+0x327): undefined reference to `std::allocator<char>::~allocator()'
C:/msys64/mingw64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/10.3.0/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/bin/ld.exe: C:\Users\...\AppData\Local\Temp\ccTUJ5jN.o:main.cpp:(.text+0x341): undefined reference to `std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >::~basic_string()'
C:/msys64/mingw64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/10.3.0/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/bin/ld.exe: C:\Users\...\AppData\Local\Temp\ccTUJ5jN.o:main.cpp:(.text+0x352): undefined reference to `std::allocator<char>::~allocator()'
C:/msys64/mingw64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/10.3.0/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/bin/ld.exe: C:\Users\...\AppData\Local\Temp\ccTUJ5jN.o:main.cpp:(.text+0x36b): undefined reference to `std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >::~basic_string()'
C:/msys64/mingw64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/10.3.0/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/bin/ld.exe: C:\Users\...\AppData\Local\Temp\ccTUJ5jN.o:main.cpp:(.text+0x37c): undefined reference to `std::allocator<char>::~allocator()'
C:/msys64/mingw64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/10.3.0/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/bin/ld.exe: C:\Users\...\AppData\Local\Temp\ccTUJ5jN.o:main.cpp:(.text+0x396): undefined reference to `std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >::~basic_string()'
C:/msys64/mingw64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/10.3.0/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/bin/ld.exe: C:\Users\...\AppData\Local\Temp\ccTUJ5jN.o:main.cpp:(.text+0x3a7): undefined reference to `std::allocator<char>::~allocator()'
C:/msys64/mingw64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/10.3.0/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/bin/ld.exe: C:\Users\...\AppData\Local\Temp\ccTUJ5jN.o:main.cpp:(.text+0x3c1): undefined reference to `std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >::~basic_string()'
C:/msys64/mingw64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/10.3.0/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/bin/ld.exe: C:\Users\...\AppData\Local\Temp\ccTUJ5jN.o:main.cpp:(.text+0x3d5): undefined reference to `std::allocator<char>::~allocator()'
C:/msys64/mingw64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/10.3.0/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/bin/ld.exe: C:\Users\...\AppData\Local\Temp\ccTUJ5jN.o:main.cpp:(.text+0x47f): undefined reference to `std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >::c_str() const'
C:/msys64/mingw64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/10.3.0/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/bin/ld.exe: C:\Users\...\AppData\Local\Temp\ccTUJ5jN.o:main.cpp:(.text+0x4b7): undefined reference to `std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >::c_str() const'
C:/msys64/mingw64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/10.3.0/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/bin/ld.exe: C:\Users\...\AppData\Local\Temp\ccTUJ5jN.o:main.cpp:(.xdata+0x1c): undefined reference to `__gxx_personality_seh0'
collect2.exe: error: ld returned 1 exit status

Merci pour votre aide
Cordialement

**Bousk** · 14/01/2022, 03h57

gcc c'est pas le compilateur C ? Et g++ pour le C++ ?
Vu ton code, tu peux très bien faire ça en C, pas grand intérêt d'utiliser que std::string ainsi si c'est pour garder tout le reste du C.

**binco** · 14/01/2022, 17h59

Merci

En langage C++ ça marche en changeant gcc par g++

Si on veut lancer la compilation avec gcc et donc en c:
je remplace:

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en c++	                =>	en c
std::string	        =>	char *
bool			=>	int
true			=>	1 (!=0)
false		        =>	0

j obtiens le message d erreur suivant

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PS C:\Users\...\Desktop\visual_studio_code_sdl\tuto_Lazy_Foo_Productions\projet_sdl_Lesson_04_key_presses> gcc src/main.c -o bin/nom_projet_c -I include -L lib -lmingw32 -lSDL2main -lSDL2 -lSDL2_image
In file included from include/SDL_video.h:34,
                 from include/SDL_events.h:33,
                 from include/SDL.h:41,
                 from src/main.c:13:
src/main.c: In function 'loadSurface':
src/main.c:154:48: error: request for member 'c_str' in something not a structure or union
  154 |  SDL_Surface* loadedSurface = SDL_LoadBMP( path.c_str() );
      |                                                ^
include/SDL_surface.h:353:59: note: in definition of macro 'SDL_LoadBMP'
  353 | #define SDL_LoadBMP(file)   SDL_LoadBMP_RW(SDL_RWFromFile(file, "rb"), 1)
      |                                                           ^~~~
src/main.c:157:59: error: request for member 'c_str' in something not a structure or union
  157 |   printf( "Unable to load image %s! SDL Error: %s\n", path.c_str(), SDL_GetError() );
      |                                                           ^

c_str() est une fonction qui renvoie un pointeur sur la chaine

Que signifie "path" en c j ai pas trouvé sur le net: le chemin d accès? c est 1 mot clé?

Comment interpreter "path.c_str()"?

**Kannagi** · 15/01/2022, 18h38

ici path est une class , donc path.c_str() , est ce qui renvoie une chaîne de caractère du type C.
En C on aurait tout simplement écrit "path".

erreur pour la ligne de commande gcc

SDL

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