EJB entity bean et LazyInitializationException

Version imprimable

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voici la preuve :

Code:

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15:19:20,920 INFO  [TomcatDeployer] deploy, ctxPath=/IDoc, warUrl=.../tmp/deploy
/tmp62509IDoc-exp.war/
15:19:21,373 INFO  [[/IDoc]] Initializing Spring root WebApplicationContext
15:19:21,373 INFO  [ContextLoader] Root WebApplicationContext: initialization st
arted
15:19:21,482 INFO  [XmlWebApplicationContext] Refreshing org.springframework.web
.context.support.XmlWebApplicationContext@19f6a57: display name [Root WebApplica
tionContext]; startup date [Tue Mar 11 15:19:21 CET 2008]; root of context hiera
rchy
15:19:21,732 INFO  [XmlBeanDefinitionReader] Loading XML bean definitions from S
ervletContext resource [/WEB-INF/applicationContext.xml]
15:19:23,795 INFO  [XmlWebApplicationContext] Bean factory for application conte
xt [org.springframework.web.context.support.XmlWebApplicationContext@19f6a57]: o
rg.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory@d9c921
15:19:24,654 INFO  [XmlWebApplicationContext] Bean 'org.springframework.orm.jpa.
vendor.HibernateJpaVendorAdapter#889c4e' is not eligible for getting processed b
y all BeanPostProcessors (for example: not eligible for auto-proxying)
15:19:24,685 INFO  [DriverManagerDataSource] Loaded JDBC driver: org.postgresql.
Driver
15:19:24,685 INFO  [XmlWebApplicationContext] Bean 'dataSource' is not eligible
for getting processed by all BeanPostProcessors (for example: not eligible for a
uto-proxying)
15:19:24,779 INFO  [DefaultListableBeanFactory] Destroying singletons in org.spr
ingframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory@d9c921: defining b
eans [dataSource,entityManagerFactory,transactionManager,org.springframework.con
text.annotation.internalRequiredAnnotationProcessor,org.springframework.context.
annotation.internalAutowiredAnnotationProcessor,org.springframework.context.anno
tation.internalCommonAnnotationProcessor,org.springframework.context.annotation.
internalPersistenceAnnotationProcessor,org.springframework.aop.config.internalAu
toProxyCreator,org.springframework.transaction.config.internalTransactionAdvisor
]; root of factory hierarchy
15:19:24,779 ERROR [ContextLoader] Context initialization failed
org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Error creating bean wit
h name 'org.springframework.context.annotation.internalRequiredAnnotationProcess
or': Initialization of bean failed; nested exception is org.springframework.bean
s.factory.BeanCreationException: Error creating bean with name 'org.springframew
ork.transaction.config.internalTransactionAdvisor': Cannot create inner bean '(i
nner bean)' of type [org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionInte
rceptor] while setting bean property 'transactionInterceptor'; nested exception
is org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Error creating bean
with name '(inner bean)': Cannot resolve reference to bean 'transactionManager'
while setting bean property 'transactionManager'; nested exception is org.spring
framework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Error creating bean with name 'tr
ansactionManager' defined in ServletContext resource [/WEB-INF/applicationContex
t.xml]: Cannot resolve reference to bean 'entityManagerFactory' while setting be
an property 'entityManagerFactory'; nested exception is org.springframework.bean
s.factory.BeanCreationException: Error creating bean with name 'entityManagerFac
tory''org.springframework.transaction.config.internalTransactionAdv
isor': Cannot create inner bean '(inner bean)' of type [org.springframework.tran
saction.interceptor.TransactionInterceptor] while setting bean property 'transac
tionInterceptor'; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCrea
tionException: Error creating bean with name '(inner bean)': Cannot resolve refe
rence to bean 'transactionManager' while setting bean property 'transactionManag
er'; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException
: Error creating bean with name 'transactionManager' defined in ServletContext r
esource [/WEB-INF/applicationContext.xml]: Cannot resolve reference to bean 'ent
ityManagerFactory' while setting bean property 'entityManagerFactory'; nested ex
ception is org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Error creati
ng bean with name 'entityManagerFactory' defined in ServletContext resource [/WE
B-INF/applicationContext.xml]: Invocation of init method failed; nested exceptio
n is java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: Invalid XML in persistence unit from UR
L [jar:file:/C:/jboss-4.2.0.GA/server/default/tmp/deploy/tmp62508IDocEJB.jar!/ME
TA-INF/persistence.xml]
        at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.BeanDefinitionValueResolver
.resolveInnerBean(BeanDefinitionValueResolver.java:229)
        at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.BeanDefinitionValueResolver
.resolveValueIfNecessary(BeanDefinitionValueResolver.java:122)
        at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBean
Factory.applyPropertyValues(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1230)
        at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBean
Factory.populateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:998)
        at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBean
Factory.createBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:519)
        at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory$1.getOb
ject(AbstractBeanFactory.java:249)
        at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultSingletonBeanRegistr
y.getSingleton(DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.java:169)
        at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.getBean
(AbstractBeanFactory.java:246)
        at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.getBean
(AbstractBeanFactory.java:168)
        at org.springframework.aop.framework.autoproxy.BeanFactoryAdvisorRetriev
alHelper.findAdvisorBeans(BeanFactoryAdvisorRetrievalHelper.java:87)
        at org.springframework.aop.framework.autoproxy.AbstractAdvisorAutoProxyC
reator.findCandidateAdvisors(AbstractAdvisorAutoProxyCreator.java:98)
        at org.springframework.aop.framework.autoproxy.AbstractAdvisorAutoProxyC
reator.findEligibleAdvisors(AbstractAdvisorAutoProxyCreator.java:84)
        at org.springframework.aop.framework.autoproxy.AbstractAdvisorAutoProxyC
reator.getAdvicesAndAdvisorsForBean(AbstractAdvisorAutoProxyCreator.java:66)
        at org.springframework.aop.framework.autoproxy.AbstractAutoProxyCreator.
postProcessAfterInitialization(AbstractAutoProxyCreator.java:296)
        at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBean
Factory.applyBeanPostProcessorsAfterInitialization(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFa
ctory.java:332)
        at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBean
Factory.initializeBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1324)
        at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBean
Factory.createBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:522)
        ... 99 more
Caused by: org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Error creati
ng bean with name '(inner bean)': Cannot resolve reference to bean 'transactionM
anager' while setting bean property 'transactionManager'; nested exception is or
g.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Error creating bean with
name 'transactionManager' defined in ServletContext resource [/WEB-INF/applicati
onContext.xml]: Cannot resolve reference to bean 'entityManagerFactory' while se
tting bean property 'entityManagerFactory'; nested exception is org.springframew
ork.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Error creating bean with name 'entityMa
nagerFactory' defined in ServletContext resource [/WEB-INF/applicationContext.xm
l]: Invocation of init method failed; nested exception is java.lang.IllegalArgum
entException: Invalid XML in persistence unit from URL [jar:file:/C:/jboss-4.2.0
.GA/server/default/tmp/deploy/tmp62508IDocEJB.jar!/META-INF/persistence.xml]
        at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.BeanDefinitionValueResolver
.resolveReference(BeanDefinitionValueResolver.java:274)
        at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.BeanDefinitionValueResolver
.resolveValueIfNecessary(BeanDefinitionValueResolver.java:104)
        at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBean
Factory.applyPropertyValues(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1230)
        at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBean
Factory.populateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:998)
        at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBean
Factory.createBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:519)
        at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.BeanDefinitionValueResolver
.resolveInnerBean(BeanDefinitionValueResolver.java:219)
        ... 115 more

Bon je peux essayer la version bourrine, mais là aussi j'ai une erreur :(

11/03/2008, 16h38
djo.mos

Ha non, c'est une autre erreur ça :langue:
Non, plus sérieusment, va falloir apprendre à lire (décrypter) un stackTrace ;)

L'erreur se trouve maintenant dans persistence.xml qui contient de l'XML non valide.
Montres le STP.

Ah bon !!!! :oops:
bon et bien il faut que je lise correctement ;)

Par contre, le persistence.xml, moi je n'ai pas ce type de fichier dans mon application web, les 2 fichiers xml que j'ai c'est web.xml et applicatioContext.xml.

Le fichier persistence.xml que je peux avoir est dans le projet des ejb qui est celui-ci :
Code:

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <persistence version="1.0"> <persistence-unit name="idocUnit"> <jta-data-source>java:PostgresDS</jta-data-source> <provider>org.hibernate.ejb.HibernatePersistence</provider> <properties> <property name="hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto" value="update" /> <property name="hibernate.dialect" value="org.hibernate.dialect.PostgreSQLDialect" /> <property name="connection.driver_class" value="org.postgresql.Driver" /> <property name="transaction.factory_class" value="org.hibernate.transaction.JDBCTransactionFactory" /> <property name="current_session_context_class" value="thread" /> </properties> </persistence-unit> </persistence>
Il faut donc que je le mette dans mon application web aussi , dans le WEB-INF ?
Ah mais non, je viens de lire l'erreur, il va chercher celui de mon ejb

Arf ... Remarque que c'est entièrement ma faute: j'ai oublié de préciser comment configurer persistence.xml avec Spring :oops:

Oki, il faut y aller comme ça:
Code:

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 <persistence xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/persistence" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/persistence http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/persistence/persistence_1_0.xsd" version="1.0"> <persistence-unit name="idocUnit" transaction-type="RESOURCE_LOCAL"> </persistence-unit> </persistence>
Et hop, c'est tout !
Remaruques qu'on utilise RESOURCE_LOCAL au lieu de JTA et qu'on déclare rien pour Hibernate: c'est déjà fait dans applicationContext.xml.

Il faut éventuellment déclarer tes entités dans ce fichier, mais c'est pas nécessaire avec Hibernate si je ne m'abuses ;)

Bon, j'aurais bien aimé te dire que ça marche mais ce n'est pas le cas, j'ai remplacé le fichier persistence.xml de mes ejb par ce que tu m'as dit mais lorrsque je veux déployer mes ejb voici l'erreur que j'ai :

Code:

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16:53:00,233 INFO  [JmxKernelAbstraction] creating wrapper delegate for: org.jbo
ss.ejb3.entity.PersistenceUnitDeployment
16:53:00,233 INFO  [JmxKernelAbstraction] installing MBean: persistence.units:un
itName=idocUnit with dependencies:
16:53:00,249 INFO  [PersistenceUnitDeployment] Starting persistence unit persist
ence.units:unitName=idocUnit
16:53:00,265 WARN  [ServiceController] Problem starting service persistence.unit
s:unitName=idocUnit
java.lang.RuntimeException: You have not defined a non-jta-data-source for a RES
OURCE_LOCAL enabled persistence context named: idocUnit
        at org.jboss.ejb3.entity.PersistenceUnitDeployment.start(PersistenceUnit
Deployment.java:228)
        at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
        at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.
java:39)
        at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAcces
sorImpl.java:25)
        at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:585)
        at org.jboss.ejb3.ServiceDelegateWrapper.startService(ServiceDelegateWra
pper.java:103)
        at org.jboss.system.ServiceMBeanSupport.jbossInternalStart(ServiceMBeanS
upport.java:289)
        at org.jboss.system.ServiceMBeanSupport.jbossInternalLifecycle(ServiceMB
eanSupport.java:245)
        at sun.reflect.GeneratedMethodAccessor3.invoke(Unknown Source)
        at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAcces
sorImpl.java:25)
        at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:585)
        at org.jboss.mx.interceptor.ReflectedDispatcher.invoke(ReflectedDispatch
er.java:155)
        at org.jboss.mx.server.Invocation.dispatch(Invocation.java:94)
        at org.jboss.mx.server.Invocation.invoke(Invocation.java:86)
        at org.jboss.mx.server.AbstractMBeanInvoker.invoke(AbstractMBeanInvoker.
java:264)
        at org.jboss.mx.server.MBeanServerImpl.invoke(MBeanServerImpl.java:659)
        at org.jboss.system.ServiceController$ServiceProxy.invoke(ServiceControl
ler.java:978)
        at $Proxy0.start(Unknown Source)
        at org.jboss.system.ServiceController.start(ServiceController.java:417)
        at sun.reflect.GeneratedMethodAccessor9.invoke(Unknown Source)
        at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAcces
sorImpl.java:25)
        at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:585)
        at org.jboss.mx.interceptor.ReflectedDispatcher.invoke(ReflectedDispatch
er.java:155)
        at org.jboss.mx.server.Invocation.dispatch(Invocation.java:94)
        at org.jboss.mx.server.Invocation.invoke(Invocation.java:86)
        at org.jboss.mx.server.AbstractMBeanInvoker.invoke(AbstractMBeanInvoker.
java:264)
        at org.jboss.mx.server.MBeanServerImpl.invoke(MBeanServerImpl.java:659)
        at org.jboss.mx.util.MBeanProxyExt.invoke(MBeanProxyExt.java:210)
        at $Proxy70.start(Unknown Source)
        at org.jboss.ejb3.JmxKernelAbstraction.install(JmxKernelAbstraction.java
:120)
        at org.jboss.ejb3.Ejb3Deployment.startPersistenceUnits(Ejb3Deployment.ja
va:551)
        at org.jboss.ejb3.Ejb3Deployment.start(Ejb3Deployment.java:333)
        at org.jboss.ejb3.Ejb3Module.startService(Ejb3Module.java:91)
        at org.jboss.system.ServiceMBeanSupport.jbossInternalStart(ServiceMBeanS
upport.java:289)
        at org.jboss.system.ServiceMBeanSupport.jbossInternalLifecycle(ServiceMB
eanSupport.java:245)
        at sun.reflect.GeneratedMethodAccessor3.invoke(Unknown Source)
        at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAcces
sorImpl.java:25)
        at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:585)
        at org.jboss.mx.interceptor.ReflectedDispatcher.invoke(ReflectedDispatch
er.java:155)
        at org.jboss.mx.server.Invocation.dispatch(Invocation.java:94)
        at org.jboss.mx.server.Invocation.invoke(Invocation.java:86)
        at org.jboss.mx.server.AbstractMBeanInvoker.invoke(AbstractMBeanInvoker.
java:264)
        at org.jboss.mx.server.MBeanServerImpl.invoke(MBeanServerImpl.java:659)
        at org.jboss.system.ServiceController$ServiceProxy.invoke(ServiceControl
ler.java:978)
        at $Proxy0.start(Unknown Source)
        at org.jboss.system.ServiceController.start(ServiceController.java:417)
        at sun.reflect.GeneratedMethodAccessor9.invoke(Unknown Source)
        at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAcces
sorImpl.java:25)
        at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:585)
        at org.jboss.mx.interceptor.ReflectedDispatcher.invoke(ReflectedDispatch
er.java:155)
        at org.jboss.mx.server.Invocation.dispatch(Invocation.java:94)
        at org.jboss.mx.server.Invocation.invoke(Invocation.java:86)
        at org.jboss.mx.server.AbstractMBeanInvoker.invoke(AbstractMBeanInvoker.
java:264)
        at org.jboss.mx.server.MBeanServerImpl.invoke(MBeanServerImpl.java:659)
        at org.jboss.mx.util.MBeanProxyExt.invoke(MBeanProxyExt.java:210)
        at $Proxy33.start(Unknown Source)
        at org.jboss.ejb3.EJB3Deployer.start(EJB3Deployer.java:512)
        at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
        at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.
java:39)
        at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAcces
sorImpl.java:25)
        at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:585)
        at org.jboss.mx.interceptor.ReflectedDispatcher.invoke(ReflectedDispatch
er.java:155)
        at org.jboss.mx.server.Invocation.dispatch(Invocation.java:94)
        at org.jboss.mx.interceptor.AbstractInterceptor.invoke(AbstractIntercept
or.java:133)
        at org.jboss.mx.server.Invocation.invoke(Invocation.java:88)
        at org.jboss.mx.interceptor.ModelMBeanOperationInterceptor.invoke(ModelM
BeanOperationInterceptor.java:142)
        at org.jboss.mx.interceptor.DynamicInterceptor.invoke(DynamicInterceptor
.java:97)
        at org.jboss.system.InterceptorServiceMBeanSupport.invokeNext(Intercepto
rServiceMBeanSupport.java:238)
        at org.jboss.ws.integration.jboss42.DeployerInterceptor.start(DeployerIn
terceptor.java:93)
        at org.jboss.deployment.SubDeployerInterceptorSupport$XMBeanInterceptor.
start(SubDeployerInterceptorSupport.java:188)
        at org.jboss.deployment.SubDeployerInterceptor.invoke(SubDeployerInterce
ptor.java:95)
        at org.jboss.mx.server.Invocation.invoke(Invocation.java:88)
        at org.jboss.mx.server.AbstractMBeanInvoker.invoke(AbstractMBeanInvoker.
java:264)
        at org.jboss.mx.server.MBeanServerImpl.invoke(MBeanServerImpl.java:659)
        at org.jboss.mx.util.MBeanProxyExt.invoke(MBeanProxyExt.java:210)
        at $Proxy34.start(Unknown Source)
        at org.jboss.deployment.MainDeployer.start(MainDeployer.java:1025)
        at org.jboss.deployment.MainDeployer.deploy(MainDeployer.java:819)
        at org.jboss.deployment.MainDeployer.deploy(MainDeployer.java:782)
        at sun.reflect.GeneratedMethodAccessor18.invoke(Unknown Source)
        at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAcces
sorImpl.java:25)
        at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:585)
        at org.jboss.mx.interceptor.ReflectedDispatcher.invoke(ReflectedDispatch
er.java:155)
        at org.jboss.mx.server.Invocation.dispatch(Invocation.java:94)
        at org.jboss.mx.interceptor.AbstractInterceptor.invoke(AbstractIntercept
or.java:133)
        at org.jboss.mx.server.Invocation.invoke(Invocation.java:88)
        at org.jboss.mx.interceptor.ModelMBeanOperationInterceptor.invoke(ModelM
BeanOperationInterceptor.java:142)
        at org.jboss.mx.server.Invocation.invoke(Invocation.java:88)
        at org.jboss.mx.server.AbstractMBeanInvoker.invoke(AbstractMBeanInvoker.
java:264)
        at org.jboss.mx.server.MBeanServerImpl.invoke(MBeanServerImpl.java:659)
        at org.jboss.mx.util.MBeanProxyExt.invoke(MBeanProxyExt.java:210)
        at $Proxy9.deploy(Unknown Source)
        at org.jboss.deployment.scanner.URLDeploymentScanner.deploy(URLDeploymen
tScanner.java:421)
        at org.jboss.deployment.scanner.URLDeploymentScanner.scan(URLDeploymentS
canner.java:634)
        at org.jboss.deployment.scanner.AbstractDeploymentScanner$ScannerThread.
doScan(AbstractDeploymentScanner.java:263)
        at org.jboss.deployment.scanner.AbstractDeploymentScanner$ScannerThread.
loop(AbstractDeploymentScanner.java:274)
        at org.jboss.deployment.scanner.AbstractDeploymentScanner$ScannerThread.
run(AbstractDeploymentScanner.java:225)
16:53:00,577 INFO  [EJB3Deployer] Deployed: file:/C:/jboss-4.2.0.GA/server/defau
lt/deploy/IDocEJB.jar
16:53:00,577 ERROR [URLDeploymentScanner] Incomplete Deployment listing:
 
--- MBeans waiting for other MBeans ---
ObjectName: persistence.units:unitName=idocUnit
  State: FAILED
  Reason: java.lang.RuntimeException: You have not defined a non-jta-data-source
 for a RESOURCE_LOCAL enabled persistence context named: idocUnit
 
--- MBEANS THAT ARE THE ROOT CAUSE OF THE PROBLEM ---
ObjectName: persistence.units:unitName=idocUnit
  State: FAILED
  Reason: java.lang.RuntimeException: You have not defined a non-jta-data-source
 for a RESOURCE_LOCAL enabled persistence context named: idocUnit

voici ma question, d'ou cela peut venir

Merci

PS : je suis désolé de te prendre autant de temps

11/03/2008, 18h26
bard123

En parallèle je teste le filtre de servlet, mais j'ai un souci (tu vas me dire, ça ne fais qu'un de plus :( ) . dans mon appli web, je définis le filtre et la classe EMProvider mais le problème dans mes ejb Entity bean je récupère comment le EMProvider.getEm() ? car c'est dans mes ejb entity bean que je définis mes requêtes sur la base de données, et c'est là où j'ai défini mon EntityManager que j'annote @PersistenceContext
11/03/2008, 18h43
djo.mos

Hello,
En fait, vu que tu utilises déjà l'EJB, et que ma méthode s'applique dans un cas sans EJB, dans un Servlet Container, je ne peux vraiment pas te conseiller ladessus: j'ai jamais utilisé les EJBs.

Par contre, vu que tu tournes dans un serveur d'applciations complète (JBoss) et que tu utilises les EJB, pourquoi tu ne passes pas par la CMP de ton serveur ? :koi: c'est plus simple à mettre en oeuvre je crois, mais je ne sais pas comment le faire.
13/03/2008, 18h14
bard123

Salut,

bon et bien j'ai résolu mon problème, mais je ne suis pas passé par spring ni par les filtres de servlet car ça devenez vraiment trop lourd pour mon application web.

Pour rappel mon problème était le suivant : Lorsque je voulais récupérer des listes d'un objet via une requête de type select dans la base de données j'avais une LazyInitializationException.

Pour résouder ce problème, toutes les manipulations que je fais sur les listes, je les fais dans le code de mon ejb entity bean et je fais appel aussi à em.find() qui permet de rattacher les objets

Merci pour tes différentes explications djo.mos qui m'ont permis de mieux comprendre, et le petit tuto sur spring est trés intéressant

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