Usage du mot-clef "static"

Bonjour,

En c++, dans une classe, le mot clef "static" permet de déclarer des variables et des fonctions comme "globales" à l'ensemble des instances de la classe.

C'est une fonction particulière, on ne devrait donc pas trouver ça souvent.

J'ai des fichiers, issus de librairies permettant de gérer du hardware (écran TFT, shield Ethernet), où presque toutes voire toutes les fonctions et les variables sont déclarées "static"

Pour le Shield Ethernet ça me semble logique car on peut avoir plusieurs instances d'une classe (typiquement des clients et un serveur, qui dérivent d'une classe plus générale) qui "partagent" des variables liées à un unique hardware qui n'ont donc aucune raison de ne pas être identiques. Pour ce cas de figure, "static" semble non seulement logique mais aussi indispensable.

En revanche pour l'écran TFT, par principe la classe n'est instanciée qu'à un seul exemplaire pour piloter un écran.
Et si on arrivait à gérer deux écrans TFT dans le même projet, il faudrait que les deux instances soient totalement indépendantes pour piloter correctement chaque écran.
Aussi, dans ce cas de figure je ne comprend pas l'usage de "static".

D'ailleurs, dans ma classe qui gère la dalle tactile, je n'ai rien de déclaré en "static".

J'imagine que dans l'embarqué, il y a des particularité qui fait qu'on utilise "static" beaucoup plus souvent que sur un PC.

J'ai aussi des variables déclarées en "volatile" et là c'est beaucoup plus évident par rapport aux usages du c++ : tout ce qui est déclaré en "volatile" correspond à des broches ou à des ports.
Il faut donc absolument éviter que le compilateur simplifie le code en regroupant ou en supprimant des lectures ou écritures de variables "volatile" car le compilateur ne peut pas savoir que le hardware va lire ou modifier ces broches.

Au total, dans l'ensemble de mon projet, j'ai beaucoup moins de déclarations "volatile" (29) que de "static" (277)

Merci

A bientôt

bonjour

vous avez un lien vers cette bibliothèque pour l'écran TFT?

Oui, avec le code c'est mieux

C'est une 'fork' que je suis en train de terminer...
Il me reste à finaliser quelques fonctions, et à nettoyer mon code, d'où ma question.

- A l'origine, il y a la bibliothèque Adafruit GFX et ILI9341
- Puis, un fork "PDQ" de Hackaday
- Et enfin, ma propre version

Ma version est plus rapide, elle a plus de fonctions et occupe moins de ROM.
En contrepartie, elle ne convient que pour un Arduino UNO et un ILI9341, alors que les bibliothèques originales s'adaptait à plusieurs cartes et plusieurs afficheurs.
C'est normal, on ne peut pas tout avoir dans la vie, mon code est optimisé mais au détriment de la portabilité.

Code:

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/*  * ****** FORK FOR THE ******  *  * -------------- ETHERNET CLIENT TOUCH SCREEN INTERFACE PROJET -------------- *  * Arduino UNO + ILI9341 TFT screen + XPT2046 touch panel + Shield Ethernet II *  * V53 - 31/01/2021 *  * Compile with Arduino 1.8.12 *  * PLEASE READ PDF MANUAL BEFORE USE *  * www.remylucas.fr *  * --------------------------------------------------------------------------- *  */   /* This is a replacement "re-mix" of the Adafruit GFX library and associated hardware LCD drivers.   https://hackaday.io/project/6038-pdqgfx-optimzed-avr-lcd-graphics   It is between 2.5 and 12 times faster than the Adafruit libraries for SPI LCDs   Remy LUCAS Fork is a little bit faster, have more functions and alors takes less ROM usage.   NOTE: This file is from the Adafruit_ILI9341 library (which PDQ_IL9341 was based on). Thanks Adafruit!    This is a library for the Adafruit 2.2" SPI display. This library works with the Adafruit 2.2" TFT Breakout w/SD card   ----> http://www.adafruit.com/products/1480   Check out the links above for our tutorials and wiring diagrams. These displays use SPI to communicate, 4 or 5 pins are required to interface (RST is optional). Adafruit invests time and resources providing this open source code, please support Adafruit and open-source hardware by purchasing products from Adafruit!   Written by Limor Fried/Ladyada for Adafruit Industries. MIT license, all text above must be included in any redistribution */   #if !defined(TFT_SIZE_WIDTH) #define TFT_SIZE_WIDTH 240 #endif #if !defined(TFT_SIZE_HEIGHT) #define TFT_SIZE_HEIGHT 320 #endif   // DEFINE HERE THE PIN USED ------------------- #define ILI9341_CS_PIN 0 // <= /CS pin (chip-select, LOW to get attention of ILI9341, HIGH and it ignores SPI bus) #define ILI9341_DC_PIN 9 // <= DC pin (1=data or 0=command indicator line) also called RS #define ILI9341_RST_PIN 8 // <= RST pin (optional) // other pins (MISO, MOSI, CK) used are dictated by HARDWARE SPI // --------------------------------------------   // other PDQ library options #define ILI9341_SAVE_SPCR 0   #include "Arduino.h" #include "Print.h" #include <avr/pgmspace.h>   #include "RLucas_TFT_FastPin.h"   #if !defined(__AVR_ATtiny85__) && !defined(__AVR_ATtiny45__) #define INLINE inline #define INLINE_OPT __attribute__((always_inline)) #else #define INLINE #define INLINE_OPT #endif #ifndef pgm_read_byte #define pgm_read_byte(addr) (*(const unsigned char *)(addr)) #endif #ifndef pgm_read_word #define pgm_read_word(addr) (*(const unsigned short *)(addr)) #endif #ifndef pgm_read_dword #define pgm_read_dword(addr) (*(const unsigned long *)(addr)) #endif #if !defined(__INT_MAX__) || (__INT_MAX__ > 0xFFFFL) #define pgm_read_pointer(addr) ((void *)pgm_read_dword(addr)) #else #define pgm_read_pointer(addr) ((void *)pgm_read_word(addr)) #endif   int GLOBAL_X1; // X or X1 int GLOBAL_Y1; // Y or Y1 int GLOBAL_X2; // X2 or W int GLOBAL_Y2; // Y2 or H int GLOBAL_X3; // X3 or L or R int GLOBAL_Y3; // Y3 unsigned int GLOBAL_Colour; // Draw Colour unsigned int GLOBAL_ColourBG; // Background colour (usefull for bitmaps, texts) uint8_t GLOBAL_Button_Offset;   bool RainbowFunc_UseBG; // used to swith from Rainbow_BG_Colour to Rainbow_Colour bool RainbowFunc_Mode; // used to swith from Rainbow_BG_Colour to Rainbow_Colour bool RainbowFunc_X_Direction; // used to swith from Rainbow_BG_Colour to Rainbow_Colour   uint8_t Rainbow_R; // R value when X or Y = Rainbow_XY_min uint8_t Rainbow_G; uint8_t Rainbow_B; int Rainbow_DR; // R value when X or Y = Rainbow_XY_min + Rainbow_XY_delta is Rainbow_R + Rainbow_DR int Rainbow_DG; int Rainbow_DB; bool Rainbow_Mode; bool Rainbow_X_Direction; int Rainbow_XY_min; int Rainbow_XY_delta; bool Rainbow_Swap; int Rainbow_WH;   uint8_t Rainbow_BG_R; uint8_t Rainbow_BG_G; uint8_t Rainbow_BG_B; int Rainbow_BG_DR; int Rainbow_BG_DG; int Rainbow_BG_DB; bool Rainbow_BG_Mode; bool Rainbow_BG_X_Direction; int Rainbow_BG_XY_min; int Rainbow_BG_XY_delta; bool Rainbow_BG_Swap; int Rainbow_BG_WH;   byte BG_Coul_Index;   unsigned int Colour[14] = {0,63488,2016,31,63519,65504,65535,33808,64512,1024,32768,65535,16904,33808}; // couleurs par défaut #define Index_Colour_Black 0 // 0 #define Index_Colour_Red 1 // 63488 #define Index_Colour_Green 2 // 2016 #define Index_Colour_Blue 3 // 31 #define Index_Colour_Purple 4 // 63519 #define Index_Colour_Yellow 5 // 65504 #define Index_Colour_White 6 // 65535 #define Index_Colour_Gray 7 // 33808 #define Index_Colour_Orange 8 // 64512 #define Index_Colour_DarkGreen 9 // 1024 #define Index_Colour_Brown 10 // 32768 #define Index_Colour_ButtonTopLeft 11 // 65535 #define Index_Colour_ButtonBottomRightInt 12 // 16904 #define Index_Colour_ButtonBottomRightExt 13 // 33808   // swap any type template<typename T> static inline void swapValue(T& x, T& y) { T tmp = x; x = y; y = tmp; } typedef int coord_t;   class PDQ_ILI9341 : public Print { public: // ILI9341 commands - For datasheet see https://www.adafruit.com/products/1480 enum { ILI9341_NOP = 0x00, ILI9341_SWRESET = 0x01, ILI9341_RDDID = 0x04, ILI9341_RDDST = 0x09,   ILI9341_SLPIN = 0x10, ILI9341_SLPOUT = 0x11, ILI9341_PTLON = 0x12, ILI9341_NORON = 0x13,   ILI9341_RDMODE = 0x0A, ILI9341_RDMADCTL = 0x0B, ILI9341_RDPIXFMT = 0x0C, ILI9341_RDIMGFMT = 0x0A, ILI9341_RDSELFDIAG = 0x0F,   ILI9341_INVOFF = 0x20, ILI9341_INVON = 0x21, ILI9341_GAMMASET = 0x26, ILI9341_DISPOFF = 0x28, ILI9341_DISPON = 0x29,   ILI9341_CASET = 0x2A, ILI9341_PASET = 0x2B, ILI9341_RAMWR = 0x2C, ILI9341_RAMRD = 0x2E,   ILI9341_PTLAR = 0x30, ILI9341_MADCTL = 0x36, ILI9341_PIXFMT = 0x3A,   ILI9341_FRMCTR1 = 0xB1, ILI9341_FRMCTR2 = 0xB2, ILI9341_FRMCTR3 = 0xB3, ILI9341_INVCTR = 0xB4, ILI9341_DFUNCTR = 0xB6,   ILI9341_PWCTR1 = 0xC0, ILI9341_PWCTR2 = 0xC1, ILI9341_PWCTR3 = 0xC2, ILI9341_PWCTR4 = 0xC3, ILI9341_PWCTR5 = 0xC4, ILI9341_VMCTR1 = 0xC5, ILI9341_VMCTR2 = 0xC7,   ILI9341_RDID1 = 0xDA, ILI9341_RDID2 = 0xDB, ILI9341_RDID3 = 0xDC, ILI9341_RDID4 = 0xDD,   ILI9341_GMCTRP1 = 0xE0, ILI9341_GMCTRN1 = 0xE1,   // ILI9341_PWCTR6 = 0xFC, };   // some other misc. constants enum { // screen dimensions //ILI9341_TFTWIDTH = 240, //ILI9341_TFTHEIGHT = 320, // MADCTL bits ILI9341_MADCTL_MH = 0x04, // bit 2 = 0 for refresh left -> right, 1 for refresh right -> left ILI9341_MADCTL_RGB = 0x00, // bit 3 = 0 for RGB color order ILI9341_MADCTL_BGR = 0x08, // bit 3 = 1 for BGR color order ILI9341_MADCTL_ML = 0x10, // bit 4 = 0 for refresh top -> bottom, 1 for bottom -> top ILI9341_MADCTL_MV = 0x20, // bit 5 = 0 for column, row order (portrait), 1 for row, column order (landscape) ILI9341_MADCTL_MX = 0x40, // bit 6 = 0 for left -> right, 1 for right -> left order ILI9341_MADCTL_MY = 0x80, // bit 7 = 0 for top -> bottom, 1 for bottom -> top // delay indicator bit for commandList() DELAY = 0x80 };   // === lower-level internal routines ========= static void commandList(const uint8_t *addr);   // NOTE: Make sure each spi_begin() is matched with a single spi_end() (and don't call either twice) // set CS back to low (LCD selected) static inline void spi_begin() __attribute__((always_inline)) { #if ILI9341_SAVE_SPCR && defined(AVR_HARDWARE_SPI) swapValue(save_SPCR, SPCR); // swap initial/current SPCR settings #endif FastPin<ILI9341_CS_PIN>::lo(); // CS <= LOW (selected) } // NOTE: Make sure each spi_begin() is matched with a single spi_end() (and don't call either twice) // reset CS back to high (LCD unselected) static inline void spi_end() __attribute__((always_inline)) { FastPin<ILI9341_CS_PIN>::hi(); // CS <= HIGH (deselected) #if ILI9341_SAVE_SPCR && defined(AVR_HARDWARE_SPI) swapValue(SPCR, save_SPCR); // swap current/initial SPCR settings #endif } #if defined(AVR_HARDWARE_SPI) // 10 cycle delay (including "call") static void delay10() __attribute__((noinline)) __attribute__((naked)) { __asm__ __volatile__ ( // +4 (call to get here) #if !defined(__AVR_HAVE_RAMPD__) " adiw r24,0\n" // +2 (2-cycle NOP) #else " nop\n" // +1 (1-cycle NOP) #endif " ret\n" // +4 (or +5 on >64KB AVR with RAMPD reg) // = 10 cycles : : : ); } // 13 cycle delay (including "call") static void delay13() __attribute__((noinline)) __attribute__((naked)) { __asm__ __volatile__ ( // +4 (call to get here) " adiw r24,0\n" // +2 (2-cycle NOP) " adiw r24,0\n" // +2 (2-cycle NOP) #if !defined(__AVR_HAVE_RAMPD__) " nop\n" // +1 (1-cycle NOP) #endif " ret\n" // +4 (or +5 on >64KB AVR with RAMPD reg) // = 13 cycles : : : ); } // 15 cycle delay (including "call") static void delay15() __attribute__((noinline)) __attribute__((naked)) { __asm__ __volatile__ ( // +4 (call to get here) " adiw r24,0\n" // +2 (2-cycle NOP) " adiw r24,0\n" // +2 (2-cycle NOP) " adiw r24,0\n" // +2 (2-cycle NOP) #if !defined(__AVR_HAVE_RAMPD__) " nop\n" // +1 (1-cycle NOP) #endif " ret\n" // +4 (or +5 on >64KB AVR with RAMPD reg) // = 15 cycles : : : ); } // 17 cycle delay (including "call") static void delay17() __attribute__((noinline)) __attribute__((naked)) { __asm__ __volatile__ ( // +4 (call to get here) " adiw r24,0\n" // +2 (2-cycle NOP) " adiw r24,0\n" // +2 (2-cycle NOP) " adiw r24,0\n" // +2 (2-cycle NOP) " adiw r24,0\n" // +2 (2-cycle NOP) #if !defined(__AVR_HAVE_RAMPD__) " nop\n" // +1 (2-cycle NOP) #endif " ret\n" // +4 (or +5 on >64KB AVR with RAMPD reg) // = 17 cycles : : : ); } // normal SPI write with minimal hand-tuned delay (assuming max DIV2 SPI rate) static INLINE void spiWrite(uint8_t data) INLINE_OPT { SPDR = data; __asm__ __volatile__ ( " call _ZN11PDQ_ILI93417delay17Ev\n" // call mangled delay17 (compiler would needlessly save/restore regs) : : : ); } // special SPI write with minimal hand-tuned delay (assuming max DIV2 SPI rate) - minus 2 cycles for RS (etc.) change static INLINE void spiWrite_preCmd(uint8_t data) INLINE_OPT { SPDR = data;   __asm__ __volatile__ ( " call _ZN11PDQ_ILI93417delay15Ev\n" // call mangled delay15 (compiler would needlessly save/restore regs) : : : ); } // SPI 16-bit write with minimal hand-tuned delay (assuming max DIV2 SPI rate) static INLINE void spiWrite16(uint16_t data) INLINE_OPT { uint8_t temp; __asm__ __volatile__ ( " out %[spi],%[hi]\n" // write SPI data (18 cycles until next write) " call _ZN11PDQ_ILI93417delay17Ev\n" // call mangled delay17 (compiler would needlessly save/restore regs) " out %[spi],%[lo]\n" // write SPI data (18 cycles until next write) " call _ZN11PDQ_ILI93417delay17Ev\n" // call mangled delay17 (compiler would needlessly save/restore regs)   : [temp] "=d" (temp) : [spi] "i" (_SFR_IO_ADDR(SPDR)), [lo] "r" ((uint8_t)data), [hi] "r" ((uint8_t)(data>>8)) : ); } // SPI 16-bit write with minimal hand-tuned delay (assuming max DIV2 SPI rate) minus 2 cycles static INLINE void spiWrite16_preCmd(uint16_t data) INLINE_OPT { uint8_t temp; __asm__ __volatile__ ( " out %[spi],%[hi]\n" // write SPI data (18 cycles until next write) " call _ZN11PDQ_ILI93417delay17Ev\n" // call mangled delay17 (compiler would needlessly save/restore regs) " out %[spi],%[lo]\n" // write SPI data (18 cycles until next write) " call _ZN11PDQ_ILI93417delay15Ev\n" // call mangled delay15 (compiler would needlessly save/restore regs)   : [temp] "=d" (temp) : [spi] "i" (_SFR_IO_ADDR(SPDR)), [lo] "r" ((uint8_t)data), [hi] "r" ((uint8_t)(data>>8)) : ); } // SPI 16-bit write with minimal hand-tuned delay (assuming max DIV2 SPI rate) minus 4 cycles static INLINE void spiWrite16_lineDraw(uint16_t data) INLINE_OPT { uint8_t temp; __asm__ __volatile__ ( " out %[spi],%[hi]\n" // write SPI data (18 cycles until next write) " call _ZN11PDQ_ILI93417delay17Ev\n" // call mangled delay17 (compiler would needlessly save/restore regs) " out %[spi],%[lo]\n" // write SPI data (18 cycles until next write)   : [temp] "=d" (temp) : [spi] "i" (_SFR_IO_ADDR(SPDR)), [lo] "r" ((uint8_t)data), [hi] "r" ((uint8_t)(data>>8)) : ); } // normal SPI write with minimal hand-tuned delay (assuming max DIV2 SPI rate) static INLINE void spiWrite16(uint16_t data, int count) INLINE_OPT { uint8_t temp; __asm__ __volatile__ ( " sbiw %[count],0\n" // test count " brmi 4f\n" // if < 0 then done " breq 4f\n" // if == 0 then done "1: out %[spi],%[hi]\n" // write SPI data (18 cycles until next write) " call _ZN11PDQ_ILI93417delay17Ev\n" // call mangled delay17 (compiler would needlessly save/restore regs) " out %[spi],%[lo]\n" // write SPI data (18 cycles until next write) " call _ZN11PDQ_ILI93417delay13Ev\n" // call mangled delay13 (compiler would needlessly save/restore regs) " sbiw %[count],1\n" // +2 decrement count " brne 1b\n" // +2/1 if != 0 then loop // = 13 + 2 + 2 (17 cycles) "4:\n"   : [temp] "=d" (temp), [count] "+w" (count) : [spi] "i" (_SFR_IO_ADDR(SPDR)), [lo] "r" ((uint8_t)data), [hi] "r" ((uint8_t)(data>>8)) : ); } #else // bit-bang #if defined(__AVR_ATtiny85__) || defined(__AVR_ATtiny45__) // USI hardware assisted static void spiWrite(uint8_t data) __attribute__((noinline)) { USIDR = data; __asm__ __volatile__ ( " out %[spi],%[clkp0]\n" // MSB " out %[spi],%[clkp1]\n" " out %[spi],%[clkp0]\n" " out %[spi],%[clkp1]\n" " out %[spi],%[clkp0]\n" " out %[spi],%[clkp1]\n" " out %[spi],%[clkp0]\n" " out %[spi],%[clkp1]\n" " out %[spi],%[clkp0]\n" " out %[spi],%[clkp1]\n" " out %[spi],%[clkp0]\n" " out %[spi],%[clkp1]\n" " out %[spi],%[clkp0]\n" " out %[spi],%[clkp1]\n" " out %[spi],%[clkp0]\n" // LSB " out %[spi],%[clkp1]\n" : : [spi] "i" (_SFR_IO_ADDR(USICR)), [clkp0] "a" ((uint8_t)((1<<USIWM0)|(0<<USICS0)|(1<<USITC))), [clkp1] "a" ((uint8_t)((1<<USIWM0)|(0<<USICS0)|(1<<USITC)|(1<<USICLK))) : ); } static void spiWrite16(uint16_t data) __attribute__((noinline)) { USIDR = data>>8; __asm__ __volatile__ ( " out %[spi],%[clkp0]\n" // MSB " out %[spi],%[clkp1]\n" " out %[spi],%[clkp0]\n" " out %[spi],%[clkp1]\n" " out %[spi],%[clkp0]\n" " out %[spi],%[clkp1]\n" " out %[spi],%[clkp0]\n" " out %[spi],%[clkp1]\n" " out %[spi],%[clkp0]\n" " out %[spi],%[clkp1]\n" " out %[spi],%[clkp0]\n" " out %[spi],%[clkp1]\n" " out %[spi],%[clkp0]\n" " out %[spi],%[clkp1]\n" " out %[spi],%[clkp0]\n" // LSB " out %[spi],%[clkp1]\n" : : [spi] "i" (_SFR_IO_ADDR(USICR)), [clkp0] "a" ((uint8_t)((1<<USIWM0)|(0<<USICS0)|(1<<USITC))), [clkp1] "a" ((uint8_t)((1<<USIWM0)|(0<<USICS0)|(1<<USITC)|(1<<USICLK))) : );   USIDR = data&0xff; __asm__ __volatile__ ( " out %[spi],%[clkp0]\n" // MSB " out %[spi],%[clkp1]\n" " out %[spi],%[clkp0]\n" " out %[spi],%[clkp1]\n" " out %[spi],%[clkp0]\n" " out %[spi],%[clkp1]\n" " out %[spi],%[clkp0]\n" " out %[spi],%[clkp1]\n" " out %[spi],%[clkp0]\n" " out %[spi],%[clkp1]\n" " out %[spi],%[clkp0]\n" " out %[spi],%[clkp1]\n" " out %[spi],%[clkp0]\n" " out %[spi],%[clkp1]\n" " out %[spi],%[clkp0]\n" // LSB " out %[spi],%[clkp1]\n" : : [spi] "i" (_SFR_IO_ADDR(USICR)), [clkp0] "a" ((uint8_t)((1<<USIWM0)|(0<<USICS0)|(1<<USITC))), [clkp1] "a" ((uint8_t)((1<<USIWM0)|(0<<USICS0)|(1<<USITC)|(1<<USICLK))) : ); } #else static void spiWrite(uint8_t data) __attribute__((noinline)) { // Fast SPI bitbang swiped from LPD8806 library for(uint8_t bit = 0x80; bit; bit >>= 1) { if (data & bit) FastPin<ILI9341_MOSI_PIN>::hi(); else FastPin<ILI9341_MOSI_PIN>::lo();   FastPin<ILI9341_SCLK_PIN>::hi(); FastPin<ILI9341_SCLK_PIN>::lo(); } } static void spiWrite16(uint16_t data) __attribute__((noinline)) { spiWrite(data >> 8); spiWrite(data & 0xff); } #endif static INLINE void spiWrite_preCmd(uint8_t data) INLINE_OPT { spiWrite(data); } static INLINE void spiWrite16_preCmd(uint16_t data) INLINE_OPT { spiWrite16(data); } static INLINE void spiWrite16_lineDraw(uint16_t data) INLINE_OPT { spiWrite16(data); } static INLINE void spiWrite16(uint16_t data, int count) INLINE_OPT { while (count-- > 0) spiWrite16(data); } static inline void delay10() { } static inline void delay13() { } static inline void delay15() { } static inline void delay17() { } #endif // write SPI byte with RS (aka D/C) pin set low to indicate a command byte (and then reset back to high when done) static INLINE void writeCommand(uint8_t data) INLINE_OPT { FastPin<ILI9341_DC_PIN>::lo(); // RS <= LOW indicate command byte spiWrite_preCmd(data); FastPin<ILI9341_DC_PIN>::hi(); // RS <= HIGH indicate data byte (always assumed left in data mode) } // write SPI byte with RS assumed low indicating a data byte static inline void writeData(uint8_t data) __attribute__((always_inline)) { spiWrite(data); } // internal version that does not spi_begin()/spi_end() static INLINE void setAddrWindow_(uint16_t x0, uint16_t y0, uint16_t x1, uint16_t y1) INLINE_OPT { writeCommand(ILI9341_CASET); // column address set spiWrite16(x0); // XSTART spiWrite16_preCmd(x1); // XEND writeCommand(ILI9341_PASET); // row address set spiWrite16(y0); // YSTART spiWrite16_preCmd(y1); // YEND writeCommand(ILI9341_RAMWR); // write to RAM } #if ILI9341_SAVE_SPCR && defined(AVR_HARDWARE_SPI) static volatile uint8_t save_SPCR; // initial SPCR value/saved SPCR value (swapped in spi_begin/spi_end) #endif   PDQ_ILI9341(); static void inline begin(void);   static void drawPixel(int x, int y); static void drawFastVLine(int x, int y, int h); static void drawFastHLine(int x, int y, int w); static void setRotation(uint8_t r); static void drawFastBitmap(uint8_t *bitmap, uint8_t angleFM); static void drawFastChar(coord_t x, coord_t y, unsigned char c); static void fillScreen(); static void drawLine(int x0, int y0, int x1, int y1); static void fillRect(int x, int y, int w, int h); static void DrawButtonFrame(byte mode); static void setFont(byte params, byte textSize);   static void drawRect();   static int getButtonCornerX(); static int getButtonCornerY(); static void drawCircle(); static void drawCircleHelper(coord_t x0, coord_t y0, coord_t r, uint8_t cornername); static void fillCircle(); static void fillCircleHelper(coord_t x0, coord_t y0, coord_t r, uint8_t cornername, coord_t delta); static void drawTriangle(); static void fillTriangle(); static void drawRoundRect(); static void fillRoundRect();   virtual size_t write(uint8_t); // Called by Arduino "Print.h"   static coord_t cursor_x, cursor_y; static boolean wrap; // If set, 'wrap' text at right edge of display static uint8_t rotation;   protected: static coord_t WIDTH, HEIGHT; // This is the 'raw' display w/h - never changes static coord_t _width, _height; // Display w/h as modified by current rotation   static uint8_t GLOBAL_FontSizeX; // Taille de la police static uint8_t GLOBAL_FontSizeY; // Taille de la police static int16_t GLOBAL_FontBits; // Nombre de bits par caractère static uint8_t GLOBAL_CarSpace; // Nombre de pixels entre chaque caractère static uint8_t GLOBAL_LineSpace; // Nombre de pixels entre chaque ligne static uint8_t GLOBAL_MinAscii; // Code ASCII le plus petit affichable static uint8_t GLOBAL_MaxAscii; // Code ASCII le plus grand affichable static char* GLOBAL_FontAdrr; // Adresse de la police   static uint8_t GLOBAL_TextSize;   static uint8_t carWidth; static uint8_t carHeight;   static uint8_t flagTabXY; };   #if ILI9341_SAVE_SPCR && defined(AVR_HARDWARE_SPI) // static data needed by base class volatile uint8_t PDQ_ILI9341::save_SPCR; #endif   int16_t PDQ_ILI9341::WIDTH; // This is the 'raw' display w/h - never changes int16_t PDQ_ILI9341::HEIGHT; int16_t PDQ_ILI9341::_width; // Display w/h as modified by current rotation int16_t PDQ_ILI9341::_height; int16_t PDQ_ILI9341::cursor_x; int16_t PDQ_ILI9341::cursor_y; uint8_t PDQ_ILI9341::rotation; boolean PDQ_ILI9341::wrap; // If set, 'wrap' text at right edge of display uint8_t PDQ_ILI9341::GLOBAL_FontSizeX; uint8_t PDQ_ILI9341::GLOBAL_FontSizeY; int16_t PDQ_ILI9341::GLOBAL_FontBits; uint8_t PDQ_ILI9341::GLOBAL_CarSpace; uint8_t PDQ_ILI9341::GLOBAL_LineSpace; uint8_t PDQ_ILI9341::GLOBAL_MinAscii; uint8_t PDQ_ILI9341::GLOBAL_MaxAscii; char* PDQ_ILI9341::GLOBAL_FontAdrr; uint8_t PDQ_ILI9341::GLOBAL_TextSize; uint8_t PDQ_ILI9341::carWidth; uint8_t PDQ_ILI9341::carHeight; uint8_t PDQ_ILI9341::flagTabXY;   PDQ_ILI9341::PDQ_ILI9341() { WIDTH = (int16_t)TFT_SIZE_WIDTH; HEIGHT = (int16_t)TFT_SIZE_HEIGHT; _width = (int16_t)TFT_SIZE_WIDTH; _height = (int16_t)TFT_SIZE_HEIGHT; rotation = 1; // Needed to force SetRotation() to send data to TFT screen in Begin() wrap = true; flagTabXY = 0; #if defined(AVR_HARDWARE_SPI) // must reference these functions from C++ or they will be stripped by linker (called from inline asm) delay10(); delay13(); delay15(); delay17(); #endif }   // Companion code to the above tables. Reads and issues a series of LCD commands stored in PROGMEM byte array. void PDQ_ILI9341::commandList(const uint8_t *addr) { uint8_t numCommands, numArgs; uint16_t ms; numCommands = pgm_read_byte(addr++); // Number of commands to follow while (numCommands--) { // For each command... writeCommand(pgm_read_byte(addr++)); // Read, issue command numArgs = pgm_read_byte(addr++); // Number of args to follow ms = numArgs & DELAY; // If hibit set, delay follows args numArgs &= ~DELAY; // Mask out delay bit while (numArgs--) { // For each argument... writeData(pgm_read_byte(addr++)); // Read, issue argument } if (ms) { ms = pgm_read_byte(addr++); // Read post-command delay time (ms) if(ms == 255) ms = 500; // If 255, delay for 500 ms delay(ms); } } }   void PDQ_ILI9341::begin(void) { // set CS and RS pin directions to output FastPin<ILI9341_CS_PIN>::setOutput(); FastPin<ILI9341_DC_PIN>::setOutput(); #if !defined(AVR_HARDWARE_SPI) #if defined(__AVR_ATtiny45__) || defined(__AVR_ATtiny85__) USICR = (0<<USISIE)|(0<<USIOIE)|(0<<USIWM1)|(1<<USIWM0)|(0<<USICS1)|(1<<USICS0)|(1<<USICLK)|(0<<USITC); #endif #if defined (ILI9341_MISO_PIN) FastPin<ILI9341_MISO_PIN>::setInput(); #endif FastPin<ILI9341_MOSI_PIN>::setOutput(); FastPin<ILI9341_SCLK_PIN>::setOutput(); FastPin<ILI9341_MOSI_PIN>::lo(); FastPin<ILI9341_SCLK_PIN>::lo(); #endif FastPin<ILI9341_CS_PIN>::hi(); // CS <= HIGH (deselected, so no spurious data) FastPin<ILI9341_DC_PIN>::hi(); // RS <= HIGH (default data byte) #if defined(AVR_HARDWARE_SPI) #if ILI9341_SAVE_SPCR uint8_t oldSPCR = SPCR; // save initial SPCR settings #endif SPI.begin(); SPI.setBitOrder(MSBFIRST); SPI.setDataMode(SPI_MODE0); SPI.setClockDivider(SPI_CLOCK_DIV2); // 8 MHz (full! speed!) [1 byte every 18 cycles] #endif #if ILI9341_SAVE_SPCR && defined(AVR_HARDWARE_SPI) save_SPCR = SPCR; // save SPCR settings SPCR = oldSPCR; // restore previous SPCR settings (spi_begin/spi_end will switch between the two) #endif spi_begin(); // Initialization commands for ILI9341 screens static const uint8_t ILI9341_cmds[] PROGMEM = { 22, ILI9341_SWRESET, DELAY, // 1 5, 0xEF, 3, // 2 0x03, 0x80, 0x02, 0xCF, 3, // 3 0x00, 0xC1, 0x30, 0xED, 4, // 4 0x64, 0x03, 0x12, 0x81, 0xE8, 3, // 5 0x85, 0x00, 0x78, 0xCB, 5, // 6 0x39, 0x2C, 0x00, 0x34, 0x02, 0xF7, 1, // 7 0x20, 0xEA, 2, // 8 0x00, 0x00, ILI9341_PWCTR1, 1, // 9 power control 0x23, // VRH[5:0] ILI9341_PWCTR2, 1, // 10 power control 0x10, // SAP[2:0];BT[3:0] ILI9341_VMCTR1, 2, // 11 VCM control 0x3e, 0x28, ILI9341_VMCTR2, 1, // 12 VCM control2 0x86, // -- ILI9341_MADCTL, 1, // 13 (ILI9341_MADCTL_MX | ILI9341_MADCTL_BGR), ILI9341_PIXFMT, 1, // 14 0x55, ILI9341_FRMCTR1, 2, // 15 0x00, 0x18, ILI9341_DFUNCTR, 3, // 16 0x08, 0x82, 0x27, 0xF2, 1, // 17 3Gamma Function Disable 0x00, ILI9341_GAMMASET, 1, // 18 Gamma curve selected 0x01, ILI9341_GMCTRP1, 15, // 19 Set Gamma 0x0F, 0x31, 0x2B, 0x0C, 0x0E, 0x08, 0x4E, 0xF1, 0x37, 0x07, 0x10, 0x03, 0x0E, 0x09, 0x00, ILI9341_GMCTRN1, 15, // 20 0x00, 0x0E, 0x14, 0x03, 0x11, 0x07, 0x31, 0xC1, 0x48, 0x08, 0x0F, 0x0C, 0x31, 0x36, 0x0F, ILI9341_SLPOUT, DELAY, // 21 120, ILI9341_DISPON, 0, // 22 }; commandList(ILI9341_cmds); spi_end(); setRotation(0); }   // === FONT MANAGEMENT ========================================================================================== // // You can change, remove or add fonts here // // WARNING ! RLucas_glcdfont_compact2.h IS USED BY SETUP MENU - PLEASE READ COMMENTS IN .INO FILE AT LINE 348 // #include "RLucas_glcdfont_compact.h" // Include here the .h file for font n°0 #include "RLucas_glcdfont_compact2.h" // Include here the .h file for font n°1 #include "RLucas_glcdfont_compact3.h" // Include here the .h file for font n°2 //#include "RLucas_glcdfont_compact4.h" // Include here the .h file for font n°3 void PDQ_ILI9341::setFont(byte params, byte textSize) { // params = LineSpace * 32 + CarSpace * 4 + FontIndex GLOBAL_TextSize = textSize; GLOBAL_LineSpace = (params & 0b11100000) >> 5; GLOBAL_CarSpace = (params & 0b00011100) >> 2; switch (params & 0b00000011) { case 0: GLOBAL_FontAdrr = RLucas_glcdfont_compact; // Type here PROGMEM name of font n°0 break; case 1: GLOBAL_FontAdrr = RLucas_glcdfont_compact2; // Type here PROGMEM name of font n°1 break; case 2: GLOBAL_FontAdrr = RLucas_glcdfont_compact3; // Type here PROGMEM name of font n°2 break; case 3: //GLOBAL_FontAdrr = RLucas_glcdfont_compact4; // Type here PROGMEM name of font n°3 break; } GLOBAL_FontSizeX = pgm_read_byte(GLOBAL_FontAdrr); GLOBAL_FontSizeY = pgm_read_byte(GLOBAL_FontAdrr+1); GLOBAL_MinAscii = pgm_read_byte(GLOBAL_FontAdrr+2); GLOBAL_MaxAscii = pgm_read_byte(GLOBAL_FontAdrr+3); GLOBAL_FontAdrr +=4 ; GLOBAL_FontBits = GLOBAL_FontSizeX * GLOBAL_FontSizeY; carWidth = GLOBAL_FontSizeX * GLOBAL_TextSize + GLOBAL_CarSpace; carHeight = GLOBAL_FontSizeY * GLOBAL_TextSize + GLOBAL_LineSpace; } // ==============================================================================================================   void Rainbow_Colour(int xy) { byte R; byte G; byte B; if (RainbowFunc_UseBG) { R = Rainbow_BG_R; G = Rainbow_BG_G; B = Rainbow_BG_B; if (Rainbow_BG_Swap) { //xy = Rainbow_BG_WH - 1 - xy - Rainbow_BG_XY_min; xy = Rainbow_BG_WH - xy; } else { xy -= Rainbow_BG_XY_min; } if (xy >= Rainbow_BG_XY_delta) { R += Rainbow_BG_DR; G += Rainbow_BG_DG; B += Rainbow_BG_DB; } else if (xy > 0) { if (Rainbow_BG_DR !=0) R += Rainbow_BG_DR * xy / Rainbow_BG_XY_delta; if (Rainbow_BG_DG !=0) G += Rainbow_BG_DG * xy / Rainbow_BG_XY_delta; if (Rainbow_BG_DB !=0) B += Rainbow_BG_DB * xy / Rainbow_BG_XY_delta; } } else { R = Rainbow_R; G = Rainbow_G; B = Rainbow_B; if (Rainbow_Swap) { //xy = Rainbow_WH - 1 - xy - Rainbow_XY_min; xy = Rainbow_WH - xy; } else { xy -= Rainbow_XY_min; } if (xy >= Rainbow_XY_delta) { R += Rainbow_DR; G += Rainbow_DG; B += Rainbow_DB; } else if (xy > 0) { if (Rainbow_DR !=0) R += Rainbow_DR * xy / Rainbow_XY_delta; if (Rainbow_DG !=0) G += Rainbow_DG * xy / Rainbow_XY_delta; if (Rainbow_DB !=0) B += Rainbow_DB * xy / Rainbow_XY_delta; } } GLOBAL_Colour = (R << 11) | (G << 5) | B; }   void Rainbow_BG_Colour(int xy) { byte R; byte G; byte B; R = Rainbow_BG_R; G = Rainbow_BG_G; B = Rainbow_BG_B; if (Rainbow_BG_Swap) { //xy = Rainbow_BG_WH - 1 - xy - Rainbow_BG_XY_min; xy = Rainbow_BG_WH - xy; } else { xy -= Rainbow_BG_XY_min; } if (xy >= Rainbow_BG_XY_delta) { R += Rainbow_BG_DR; G += Rainbow_BG_DG; B += Rainbow_BG_DB; } else if (xy > 0) { if (Rainbow_BG_DR !=0) R += Rainbow_BG_DR * xy / Rainbow_BG_XY_delta; if (Rainbow_BG_DG !=0) G += Rainbow_BG_DG * xy / Rainbow_BG_XY_delta; if (Rainbow_BG_DB !=0) B += Rainbow_BG_DB * xy / Rainbow_BG_XY_delta; } GLOBAL_ColourBG = (R << 11) | (G << 5) | B; }   void RainbowSelect(byte colour_index) { // This function allows Rainbow_Colour to use Rainbow_BG_Colour parameters if (BG_Coul_Index == colour_index) { RainbowFunc_UseBG = true; RainbowFunc_Mode = Rainbow_BG_Mode; RainbowFunc_X_Direction = Rainbow_BG_X_Direction; } else { RainbowFunc_UseBG = false; RainbowFunc_Mode = Rainbow_Mode; RainbowFunc_X_Direction = Rainbow_X_Direction; } }   void Rainbow_Swap_XY(int WH) { Rainbow_Swap = !Rainbow_Swap; Rainbow_WH = WH - 1 - Rainbow_XY_min; }   void Rainbow_BG_Swap_XY(int WH) { Rainbow_BG_Swap = !Rainbow_BG_Swap; Rainbow_BG_WH = WH - 1 - Rainbow_BG_XY_min; }   void PDQ_ILI9341::setRotation(uint8_t m) { byte rot; rot = (4 + m - rotation) & 3 ; // 'rot' is the rotation made by the 'rotation' to 'm' orientation change if (rot == 0) return; rotation = m;   spi_begin(); writeCommand(ILI9341_MADCTL); switch (m) { case 0: writeData(ILI9341_MADCTL_MX | ILI9341_MADCTL_BGR); _width = TFT_SIZE_WIDTH; _height = TFT_SIZE_HEIGHT; break; case 1: writeData(ILI9341_MADCTL_MV | ILI9341_MADCTL_BGR); _width = TFT_SIZE_HEIGHT; _height = TFT_SIZE_WIDTH; break; case 2: writeData(ILI9341_MADCTL_MY | ILI9341_MADCTL_BGR); _width = TFT_SIZE_WIDTH; _height = TFT_SIZE_HEIGHT; break; case 3: writeData(ILI9341_MADCTL_MV | ILI9341_MADCTL_MY | ILI9341_MADCTL_MX | ILI9341_MADCTL_BGR); _width = TFT_SIZE_HEIGHT; _height = TFT_SIZE_WIDTH; break; } spi_end();   // WARNING ! We have to turn also RAINBOW PARAMETERS ! // => It's user friendly for Rainbows // => It's NECESSARY for bitmaps Rainbows (bitmaps use TFT screen rotation feature) if (rot==2) { // +180° -180° if (Rainbow_X_Direction) { Rainbow_Swap_XY(_width); } else { Rainbow_Swap_XY(_height); } if (Rainbow_BG_X_Direction) { Rainbow_BG_Swap_XY(_width); } else { Rainbow_BG_Swap_XY(_height); } } else { // +90° -270° or +270° -90° Rainbow_X_Direction = !Rainbow_X_Direction; Rainbow_BG_X_Direction = !Rainbow_BG_X_Direction; RainbowFunc_X_Direction = !RainbowFunc_X_Direction; // Also important ! if (rot == 1) { // +90° -270° if (!Rainbow_X_Direction) { Rainbow_Swap_XY(_height); } if (!Rainbow_BG_X_Direction) { Rainbow_BG_Swap_XY(_height); } } else { //+270° -90° if (Rainbow_X_Direction) { Rainbow_Swap_XY(_width); } if (Rainbow_BG_X_Direction) { Rainbow_BG_Swap_XY(_width); } } } }   void PDQ_ILI9341::DrawButtonFrame(byte mode=0) { // 0 = after Print ; 1 = after Bitmap ; 2 = direct DrawBouton() call if ((GLOBAL_Button_Offset == 0) && (mode!=2)) return; // - mode 0 : SetTextCursor previously defined GLOBAL_X1, GLOBAL_Y1 // - mode 1 : DrawBitmap previously defined GLOBAL_X1, GLOBAL_Y1 as top left corner and GLOBAL_X2, GLOBAL_Y2 as bottom right corner // - mode 2 : GLOBAL_X1, GLOBAL_Y1, GLOBAL_X2, GLOBAL_Y2 are set up for direct use int X,Y,W,H; // Allow compiler to use registers X = GLOBAL_X1; Y = GLOBAL_Y1; if (mode==0) { W = getButtonCornerX(); H = getButtonCornerY(); } else { W = GLOBAL_X2; H = GLOBAL_Y2; } if (mode!=2) { W += 2 * GLOBAL_Button_Offset - GLOBAL_X1; H += 2 * GLOBAL_Button_Offset - GLOBAL_Y1; X -= GLOBAL_Button_Offset; Y -= GLOBAL_Button_Offset; } GLOBAL_Colour = Colour[Index_Colour_ButtonTopLeft]; // 11 : Top left border drawFastHLine(X, Y, W + 1); drawFastVLine(X, Y, H); GLOBAL_Colour = Colour[Index_Colour_ButtonBottomRightExt]; // 13 : Bottom right ext border drawFastHLine(X + 1, Y + H - 1, W); drawFastVLine(X + W, Y + 1, H - 1); GLOBAL_Colour = Colour[Index_Colour_ButtonBottomRightInt]; // 12 : Bottom right int border drawFastHLine(X, Y + H, W + 2); drawFastVLine(X + W + 1, Y, H + 1); }   int PDQ_ILI9341::getButtonCornerX() { //return cursor_x + carWidth - GLOBAL_CarSpace; return cursor_x - GLOBAL_CarSpace; // '+carWidth' already done by write() }   int PDQ_ILI9341::getButtonCornerY() { return cursor_y + carHeight - GLOBAL_LineSpace; }   void PDQ_ILI9341::drawPixel(int x, int y) { // WARNING : It's very stupid to call this function a lot of time to draw something // ILI9341 screen is designed to : // - define a rectangular window // - "fill" this window with 'pushcolor' instructions spi_begin(); setAddrWindow_(x, y, x, y); if (RainbowFunc_Mode) { if (RainbowFunc_X_Direction) { Rainbow_Colour(x); } else { Rainbow_Colour(y); } } spiWrite16_preCmd(GLOBAL_Colour); spi_end(); }   void PDQ_ILI9341::drawFastVLine(int x, int y, int h) { spi_begin(); setAddrWindow_(x, y, x, _height); if (RainbowFunc_Mode) { if (RainbowFunc_X_Direction) { Rainbow_Colour(x); spiWrite16(GLOBAL_Colour, h); } else { for (; h > 0; h--) { Rainbow_Colour(y); spiWrite16(GLOBAL_Colour); y++; } } } else { spiWrite16(GLOBAL_Colour, h); } spi_end(); }   void PDQ_ILI9341::drawFastHLine(int x, int y, int w) { spi_begin(); setAddrWindow_(x, y, _width, y); if (RainbowFunc_Mode) { if (RainbowFunc_X_Direction) { for (; w > 0; w--) { Rainbow_Colour(x); spiWrite16(GLOBAL_Colour); x++; } } else { Rainbow_Colour(y); spiWrite16(GLOBAL_Colour, w); } } else { spiWrite16(GLOBAL_Colour, w); } spi_end(); }   void PDQ_ILI9341::fillScreen() { fillRect(0, 0, _width, _height); }   void PDQ_ILI9341::fillRect(int x, int y, int w, int h) { spi_begin(); if (RainbowFunc_Mode) { if (RainbowFunc_X_Direction) { for (; w > 0; w--) { // w vertical lines setAddrWindow_(x, y, x, _height); Rainbow_Colour(x); spiWrite16(GLOBAL_Colour, h); x++; } } else { for (; h > 0; h--) { // h horizontal lines setAddrWindow_(x, y, _width, y); Rainbow_Colour(y); spiWrite16(GLOBAL_Colour, w); y++; } } } else { // We can't use spiWrite16(GLOBAL_Colour, h*w) because h*w can be > 65535 setAddrWindow_(x, y, x+w-1, _height); if (w > h) { x = w; w = h; h = x; } for (; w > 0; w--) { spiWrite16(GLOBAL_Colour, h); } } spi_end(); }   void PDQ_ILI9341::drawFastBitmap(uint8_t *bitmap, uint8_t angleFM) { coord_t x, x2, y2, x1, y1; coord_t w, h; byte compression; byte tmp; byte rotation_backup; int nbPixToPrint; int i; bool colorToPrint; bool mirror;   // Reading bitmap header : compression = bitmap[0]; w = bitmap[1]; h = bitmap[2]; if (compression & 0b10000000) w +=256; if (compression & 0b01000000) h +=256; compression = compression & 0b00111111; // 0 = No compression / 1 = Compression / 2 = Compression for large bitmaps bitmap+=3; // Bitmap data start @ bitmap[3]   // Use TFT screen rotation for bitmap rotation : mirror = angleFM > 3; angleFM &= 3; switch (angleFM) { case 0: x1 = GLOBAL_X1; y1 = GLOBAL_Y1; break; case 1: x1 = GLOBAL_Y1; y1 = _width - GLOBAL_X1 - h; break; case 2: x1 = _width - GLOBAL_X1 - w; y1 = _height - GLOBAL_Y1 - h; break; case 3: x1 = _height - GLOBAL_Y1 - w; y1 = GLOBAL_X1; break; } if (angleFM>0) { rotation_backup = rotation; setRotation((rotation + angleFM) & 3); }   // Drawing : spi_begin(); if (GLOBAL_Button_Offset!=0) { if (angleFM & 1) { GLOBAL_X2 = GLOBAL_X1 + h - 1; GLOBAL_Y2 = GLOBAL_Y1 + w; } else { GLOBAL_X2 = GLOBAL_X1 + w - 1; GLOBAL_Y2 = GLOBAL_Y1 + h; } } x = x1; x2 = x + w - 1; if (mirror) { y2 = y1 + h; } else { setAddrWindow_(x1, y1, x2, _height); y2 = y1 - 1; } i = 0; nbPixToPrint = 0; do { if (x == x1) { // Begin new line : if (mirror) { y2--; setAddrWindow_(x1, y2, x2, _height); } else { y2++; } if (RainbowFunc_Mode && !RainbowFunc_X_Direction) Rainbow_Colour(y2); if (Rainbow_BG_Mode && !Rainbow_BG_X_Direction) Rainbow_BG_Colour(y2); }   // Find color and number of pixels to print: if (compression == 0) { // No compression - Each bit of bitmap[] is the pixel number 'i' colorToPrint = bitmap[i >> 3] & (0b10000000 >> (i & 0b111)); i++; // For very large bitmaps, 'i' should be a LONG value... but without compression it will never appends } else { // Compression : bitmap[] bytes define a color and the number of pixel that use this color if (nbPixToPrint == 0) { // 'i' is used as bitmap[] byte index tmp = bitmap[i]; i++; colorToPrint = tmp & 0b10000000; if (compression == 1) { nbPixToPrint = tmp & 0b01111111; } else { nbPixToPrint = tmp & 0b00111111; if (tmp & 0b01000000) { nbPixToPrint = bitmap[i] + (nbPixToPrint << 8); i++; } } } nbPixToPrint--; } if (colorToPrint) { if (RainbowFunc_Mode && RainbowFunc_X_Direction) Rainbow_Colour(x); spiWrite16(GLOBAL_Colour); } else { if (Rainbow_BG_Mode && Rainbow_BG_X_Direction) Rainbow_BG_Colour(x); spiWrite16(GLOBAL_ColourBG); } // Update coordinates: x++; if (x > x2) { x = x1; h--; } } while (h>0); spi_end();   if (angleFM>0) setRotation(rotation_backup); }   // Very fast text writing, that use custom fonts stored without dummy bits // Space and tabs are printed faster, and fonts don't have to include space or tabs chars (it saves memory) // Moreover, this function allows 'in-text' instructions with non printable ASCII codes // It's a very goog feature that save memory usage and allows easier display update with texts stored in Buffer_RAM[] // This function is called by .print()... and .print() use \0 char for end of text... so 'c' can't be equal to zero ! // So we have to deal with this for 'in-text' instructions parameters : // - if X param has to be between 0 and 254, then c = X + 1 // - if X param has to be between 255 and 509, then c = X - 254 size_t PDQ_ILI9341::write(uint8_t c) { int8_t i; int8_t j; int8_t k; int8_t u; unsigned int numPix; if (flagTabXY!=0) { // Here, 'c' is values used to change text cursor : // flagTabXY = 1 Set Text Cursor X < 254 // flagTabXY = 2 Set Text Cursor X < 254 Y < 254 // flagTabXY = 3 Set Text Cursor X < 254 Y > 254 // flagTabXY = 4 Set Text Cursor X > 254 // flagTabXY = 5 Set Text Cursor X > 254 Y < 254 // flagTabXY = 6 Set Text Cursor X > 254 Y > 254 // flagTabXY = 7 Set Text Cursor Y < 254 // flagTabXY = 8 Set Text Cursor Y > 254 i = 0; j = flagTabXY; c--; // needed because c can be equal to zero   if (j>6) { // 7 8 cursor_y = c; if (j==8) { cursor_y += 254 ; } } else { // 1 2 3 4 5 6 cursor_x = c; if (j>3) { // 4 5 6 cursor_x += 254 ; j -= 3; // 4->1 5->2 6->3 } if (j>1) { // 2 3 5 6 i = j+5; // 7 8 7 8 } } flagTabXY = i; if (i==0) { // Here, 'Set Text Cursor' in-text instruction is ended. // We have to store Text Cursor value, needed if we have to draw buttons GLOBAL_X1 = cursor_x; GLOBAL_Y1 = cursor_y; } return 1; } if (c == '\n') { // Line feed : cursor_x = 0; cursor_y += carHeight; } else if (c <GLOBAL_MinAscii) { // ASCII codes < 33 are 'in-text' instructions : if ((c>17)&&(c<32)) { // Color change c -= 18; // c is the new color index : RainbowSelect(c); GLOBAL_Colour = Colour[c]; } else if (c!=13) { if (c<9) { // Set Text Cursor, followed by X and/or Y cursor values flagTabXY = c; if (GLOBAL_Button_Offset != 0) { // Here, we have finished to print a text, so we have to draw a button frame arround : // WARNING ! There is a problem if a text begin by a "Set cursor" in-text instruction // so when GLOBAL_Button_Offset>0 a text CANNOT begin by a "Set cursor" in-text instruction unsigned int colourBackup; colourBackup = GLOBAL_Colour; DrawButtonFrame(); GLOBAL_Colour = colourBackup; } } else { // Tabs in text // c value: 9, 11, 12, 14, 15, 16, 17, ou 32 // tabs (spaces): 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 1 if (c<14) c++; if (c==10) c++; if (c==32) c=10; c -= 9; spi_begin(); if (Rainbow_BG_Mode) { if (Rainbow_BG_X_Direction) { // Write tab as several vertical lines for (i=0;i<carWidth*c;i++) { setAddrWindow_(cursor_x+i, cursor_y, cursor_x+i, _height); Rainbow_BG_Colour(cursor_x + i); spiWrite16(GLOBAL_ColourBG, carHeight); } } else { setAddrWindow_(cursor_x, cursor_y, cursor_x + carWidth * c - 1, _height); // Write tab as several horizontal lines for (j=0;j<carHeight;j++) { Rainbow_BG_Colour(cursor_y + j); spiWrite16(GLOBAL_ColourBG, carWidth * c); } } } else { // Write tab as fill rectangle setAddrWindow_(cursor_x, cursor_y, cursor_x + carWidth * c - 1, _height); spiWrite16(GLOBAL_ColourBG, carWidth * carHeight * c); } spi_end(); cursor_x += carWidth * c ; } } } else { if (cursor_x > (_width - carWidth)) { // X : Clipping or wrapping if (wrap) { cursor_x = 0; cursor_y += carHeight; } else { return 1; } } if (cursor_y >= _height) return 1; // Y : Clipping if (c <= GLOBAL_MaxAscii) { numPix = (c - GLOBAL_MinAscii) * GLOBAL_FontBits; spi_begin(); setAddrWindow_(cursor_x, cursor_y, cursor_x + carWidth - 1, _height); // If GLOBAL_TextSize = 3 then each pixel of each char is a SQUARE of 3 x 3 pixels // Keep in mind that: in computer graphics, a pixel is a SQUARE, not a DOT for (j=0; j<GLOBAL_FontSizeY; j++) { for (k = 0; k<GLOBAL_TextSize ; k++) { if (k!=0) numPix -= GLOBAL_FontSizeX; if (RainbowFunc_Mode && !RainbowFunc_X_Direction) { Rainbow_Colour(cursor_y + j * GLOBAL_TextSize + k); } if (Rainbow_BG_Mode && !Rainbow_BG_X_Direction) { Rainbow_BG_Colour(cursor_y + j * GLOBAL_TextSize + k); } for (i=0; i<GLOBAL_FontSizeX; i++) { if (pgm_read_byte(GLOBAL_FontAdrr+(numPix>>3)) & (0b00000001 << (numPix & 0b111))) { // Pixel de coordonnées // X = i + cursor_x // Y = j * GLOBAL_TextSize + k + cursor_y if (RainbowFunc_Mode && RainbowFunc_X_Direction) { for (u=0; u<GLOBAL_TextSize; u++) { Rainbow_Colour(cursor_x + i * GLOBAL_TextSize + u); spiWrite16(GLOBAL_Colour); } } else { spiWrite16(GLOBAL_Colour, GLOBAL_TextSize); } } else { if (Rainbow_BG_Mode && Rainbow_BG_X_Direction) { for (u=0; u<GLOBAL_TextSize; u++) { Rainbow_BG_Colour(cursor_x + i * GLOBAL_TextSize + u); spiWrite16(GLOBAL_ColourBG); } } else { spiWrite16(GLOBAL_ColourBG, GLOBAL_TextSize); } } numPix++; } if (Rainbow_BG_Mode && Rainbow_BG_X_Direction) { for (u=0; u<GLOBAL_CarSpace; u++) { Rainbow_BG_Colour(cursor_x + GLOBAL_FontSizeX * GLOBAL_TextSize + u); spiWrite16(GLOBAL_ColourBG); // Space between chars } } else { spiWrite16(GLOBAL_ColourBG, GLOBAL_CarSpace); // Space between chars } } } if (Rainbow_BG_Mode) { // Rectangle : GLOBAL_LineSpace * carWidth if (Rainbow_BG_X_Direction) { for (j=0; j<GLOBAL_LineSpace; j++) { for (i=0; i<carWidth; i++) { Rainbow_BG_Colour(cursor_x + i); spiWrite16(GLOBAL_ColourBG); // Space between lines } } } else { for (j=0; j<GLOBAL_LineSpace; j++) { Rainbow_BG_Colour(cursor_y + GLOBAL_FontSizeY * GLOBAL_TextSize + j); spiWrite16(GLOBAL_ColourBG, carWidth); // Space between lines } } } else { spiWrite16(GLOBAL_ColourBG, GLOBAL_LineSpace * carWidth ); // Space between lines } spi_end(); } // Even if chars with ASCII code > GLOBAL_MaxAscii are not printed, we print a space. It's better. cursor_x += carWidth; } return 1; }   // Bresenham's algorithm - thx Wikipedia void PDQ_ILI9341::drawLine(int x0, int y0, int x1, int y1) { int8_t steep = abs(y1 - y0) > abs(x1 - x0); if (steep) { swapValue(x0, y0); swapValue(x1, y1); } if (x0 > x1) { swapValue(x0, x1); swapValue(y0, y1); } if (x1 < 0) return; int dx, dy; dx = x1 - x0; dy = abs(y1 - y0); int err = dx / 2; int8_t ystep; if (y0 < y1) { ystep = 1; } else { ystep = -1; } uint8_t setaddr = 1; if (steep) { // y increments every iteration (y0 is x-axis, and x0 is y-axis) if (x1 >= _height) x1 = _height - 1; for (; x0 <= x1; x0++) { if ((x0 >= 0) && (y0 >= 0) && (y0 < _width)) break; err -= dy; if (err < 0) { err += dx; y0 += ystep; } } if (x0 > x1) return; spi_begin(); for (; x0 <= x1; x0++) { if (setaddr) { setAddrWindow_(y0, x0, y0, _height); setaddr = 0; } if (RainbowFunc_Mode) { if (RainbowFunc_X_Direction) { Rainbow_Colour(y0); } else { Rainbow_Colour(x0); } } spiWrite16_lineDraw(GLOBAL_Colour); err -= dy; if (err < 0) { y0 += ystep; if ((y0 < 0) || (y0 >= _width)) break; err += dx; setaddr = 1; } #if defined(AVR_HARDWARE_SPI) else{ __asm__ __volatile__ ( " call _ZN11PDQ_ILI93417delay10Ev\n" : : : ); } #endif } } else { // x increments every iteration (x0 is x-axis, and y0 is y-axis) if (x1 >= _width) x1 = _width - 1;   for (; x0 <= x1; x0++) { if ((x0 >= 0) && (y0 >= 0) && (y0 < _height)) break; err -= dy; if (err < 0){ err += dx; y0 += ystep; } } if (x0 > x1) return; spi_begin(); for (; x0 <= x1; x0++) { if (setaddr){ setAddrWindow_(x0, y0, _width, y0); setaddr = 0; } if (RainbowFunc_Mode) { if (RainbowFunc_X_Direction) { Rainbow_Colour(x0); } else { Rainbow_Colour(y0); } } spiWrite16_lineDraw(GLOBAL_Colour); err -= dy; if (err < 0){ y0 += ystep; if ((y0 < 0) || (y0 >= _height)) break; err += dx; setaddr = 1; } #if defined(AVR_HARDWARE_SPI) else{ __asm__ __volatile__ ( " call _ZN11PDQ_ILI93417delay10Ev\n" : : : ); } #endif } } spi_end(); }   void PDQ_ILI9341::drawRect() { drawFastHLine(GLOBAL_X1 , GLOBAL_Y1 , GLOBAL_X2); drawFastHLine(GLOBAL_X1 , GLOBAL_Y1+GLOBAL_Y2-1, GLOBAL_X2); drawFastVLine(GLOBAL_X1 , GLOBAL_Y1 , GLOBAL_Y2); drawFastVLine(GLOBAL_X1+GLOBAL_X2-1, GLOBAL_Y1 , GLOBAL_Y2); }   void PDQ_ILI9341::drawCircle() { coord_t f = 1 - GLOBAL_X3; coord_t ddF_x = 1; coord_t ddF_y = -2 * GLOBAL_X3; coord_t x = 0; coord_t y = GLOBAL_X3; drawPixel(GLOBAL_X1 , GLOBAL_Y1+GLOBAL_X3); drawPixel(GLOBAL_X1 , GLOBAL_Y1-GLOBAL_X3); drawPixel(GLOBAL_X1+GLOBAL_X3, GLOBAL_Y1 ); drawPixel(GLOBAL_X1-GLOBAL_X3, GLOBAL_Y1 ); while (x < y) { if (f >= 0) { y--; ddF_y += 2; f += ddF_y; } x++; ddF_x += 2; f += ddF_x; drawPixel(GLOBAL_X1 + x, GLOBAL_Y1 + y); drawPixel(GLOBAL_X1 - x, GLOBAL_Y1 + y); drawPixel(GLOBAL_X1 + x, GLOBAL_Y1 - y); drawPixel(GLOBAL_X1 - x, GLOBAL_Y1 - y); drawPixel(GLOBAL_X1 + y, GLOBAL_Y1 + x); drawPixel(GLOBAL_X1 - y, GLOBAL_Y1 + x); drawPixel(GLOBAL_X1 + y, GLOBAL_Y1 - x); drawPixel(GLOBAL_X1 - y, GLOBAL_Y1 - x); } }   void PDQ_ILI9341::drawCircleHelper( coord_t x0, coord_t y0, coord_t r, uint8_t cornername) { coord_t f = 1 - r; coord_t ddF_x = 1; coord_t ddF_y = -2 * r; coord_t x = 0; coord_t y = r; while (x < y){ if (f >= 0) { y--; ddF_y += 2; f += ddF_y; } x++; ddF_x += 2; f += ddF_x; if (cornername & 0x4) { drawPixel(x0 + x, y0 + y); drawPixel(x0 + y, y0 + x); } if (cornername & 0x2) { drawPixel(x0 + x, y0 - y); drawPixel(x0 + y, y0 - x); } if (cornername & 0x8) { drawPixel(x0 - y, y0 + x); drawPixel(x0 - x, y0 + y); } if (cornername & 0x1) { drawPixel(x0 - y, y0 - x); drawPixel(x0 - x, y0 - y); } } }   void PDQ_ILI9341::fillCircle() { drawFastVLine(GLOBAL_X1, GLOBAL_Y1-GLOBAL_X3, 2*GLOBAL_X3+1); fillCircleHelper(GLOBAL_X1, GLOBAL_Y1, GLOBAL_X3, 3, 0); }   // Used to do circles and roundrects void PDQ_ILI9341::fillCircleHelper(coord_t x0, coord_t y0, coord_t r, uint8_t cornername, coord_t delta) { coord_t f = 1 - r; coord_t ddF_x = 1; coord_t ddF_y = -2 * r; coord_t x = 0; coord_t y = r; while (x < y) { if (f >= 0) { y--; ddF_y += 2; f += ddF_y; } x++; ddF_x += 2; f += ddF_x; if (cornername & 0x1) { drawFastVLine(x0+x, y0-y, 2*y+1+delta); drawFastVLine(x0+y, y0-x, 2*x+1+delta); } if (cornername & 0x2) { drawFastVLine(x0-x, y0-y, 2*y+1+delta); drawFastVLine(x0-y, y0-x, 2*x+1+delta); } } }   void PDQ_ILI9341::drawRoundRect() { // smarter version drawFastHLine(GLOBAL_X1+GLOBAL_X3 , GLOBAL_Y1 , GLOBAL_X2-2*GLOBAL_X3); // Top drawFastHLine(GLOBAL_X1+GLOBAL_X3 , GLOBAL_Y1+GLOBAL_Y2-1, GLOBAL_X2-2*GLOBAL_X3); // Bottom drawFastVLine(GLOBAL_X1 , GLOBAL_Y1+GLOBAL_X3 , GLOBAL_Y2-2*GLOBAL_X3); // Left drawFastVLine(GLOBAL_X1+GLOBAL_X2-1, GLOBAL_Y1+GLOBAL_X3 , GLOBAL_Y2-2*GLOBAL_X3); // Right // draw four corners drawCircleHelper(GLOBAL_X1+GLOBAL_X3 , GLOBAL_Y1+GLOBAL_X3 , GLOBAL_X3, 1); drawCircleHelper(GLOBAL_X1+GLOBAL_X2-GLOBAL_X3-1, GLOBAL_Y1+GLOBAL_X3 , GLOBAL_X3, 2); drawCircleHelper(GLOBAL_X1+GLOBAL_X2-GLOBAL_X3-1, GLOBAL_Y1+GLOBAL_Y2-GLOBAL_X3-1, GLOBAL_X3, 4); drawCircleHelper(GLOBAL_X1+GLOBAL_X3 , GLOBAL_Y1+GLOBAL_Y2-GLOBAL_X3-1, GLOBAL_X3, 8); }   void PDQ_ILI9341::fillRoundRect() { // smarter version fillRect(GLOBAL_X1+GLOBAL_X3, GLOBAL_Y1, GLOBAL_X2-2*GLOBAL_X3, GLOBAL_Y2); // draw four corners fillCircleHelper(GLOBAL_X1+GLOBAL_X2-GLOBAL_X3-1, GLOBAL_Y1+GLOBAL_X3, GLOBAL_X3, 1, GLOBAL_Y2-2*GLOBAL_X3-1); fillCircleHelper(GLOBAL_X1+GLOBAL_X3 , GLOBAL_Y1+GLOBAL_X3, GLOBAL_X3, 2, GLOBAL_Y2-2*GLOBAL_X3-1); }   void PDQ_ILI9341::drawTriangle() { drawLine(GLOBAL_X1, GLOBAL_Y1, GLOBAL_X2, GLOBAL_Y2); drawLine(GLOBAL_X2, GLOBAL_Y2, GLOBAL_X3, GLOBAL_Y3); drawLine(GLOBAL_X3, GLOBAL_Y3, GLOBAL_X1, GLOBAL_Y1); }   void PDQ_ILI9341::fillTriangle() { coord_t a, b, y, last; int X1,Y1,X2,Y2,X3,Y3; // Economie de 50 octets de code - Ca vaut le coup de passer par des Var locales (compilées en registres) car il y a beaucoup de calculs X1=GLOBAL_X1; Y1=GLOBAL_Y1; X2=GLOBAL_X2; Y2=GLOBAL_Y2; X3=GLOBAL_X3; Y3=GLOBAL_Y3; // Sort coordinates by Y order (Y3 >= Y2 >= Y1) if (Y1 > Y2) { swapValue(Y1, Y2); swapValue(X1, X2); } if (Y2 > Y3) { swapValue(Y3, Y2); swapValue(X3, X2); } if (Y1 > Y2) { swapValue(Y1, Y2); swapValue(X1, X2); } // Handle awkward all-on-same-line case as its own thing if (Y1 == Y3) { a = b = X1; if (X2 < a) a = X2; else if (X2 > b) b = X2; if (X3 < a) a = X3; else if (X3 > b) b = X3; drawFastHLine(a, Y1, b-a+1); return; } coord_t dx01 = X2 - X1; coord_t dy01 = Y2 - Y1; coord_t dx02 = X3 - X1; coord_t dy02 = Y3 - Y1; coord_t dx12 = X3 - X2; coord_t dy12 = Y3 - Y2; int32_t sa = 0; int32_t sb = 0; // For upper part of triangle, find scanline crossings for segments 0-1 and 0-2. If Y2=Y3 (flat-bottomed triangle), the scanline Y2 // is included here (and second loop will be skipped, avoiding a /0 error there), otherwise scanline Y2 is skipped here and handled // in the second loop...which also avoids a /0 error here if Y1=Y2 (flat-topped triangle). if (Y2 == Y3) last = Y2; // Include Y2 scanline else last = Y2-1; // Skip it   for (y = Y1; y <= last; y++) { a = X1 + sa / dy01; b = X1 + sb / dy02; sa += dx01; sb += dx02; // longhand: //a = X1 + (X2 - X1) * (y - Y1) / (Y2 - Y1); //b = X1 + (X3 - X1) * (y - Y1) / (Y3 - Y1); if (a > b) swapValue(a, b); drawFastHLine(a, y, b-a+1); }   // For lower part of triangle, find scanline crossings for segments 0-2 and 1-2. This loop is skipped if Y2=Y3. sa = dx12 * (y - Y2); sb = dx02 * (y - Y1); for (; y <= Y3; y++) { a = X2 + sa / dy12; b = X1 + sb / dy02; sa += dx12; sb += dx02; // longhand: //a = X2 + (X3 - X2) * (y - Y2) / (Y3 - Y2); //b = X1 + (X3 - X1) * (y - Y1) / (Y3 - Y1); if (a > b) swapValue(a, b); drawFastHLine(a, y, b-a+1); } }

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Aussi, dans ce cas de figure je ne comprend pas l'usage de "static".

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dans la bibliothèque d'origine il n'y a pas de static et c'est vous qui les avez rajoutés?

je ne suis pas sûr de comprendre la question (s'il y en a une)

La bibliothèque d'origine contenait des 'static' à la pelle, ce n'est pas moi qui les ai ajouté, je les ai conservés.

Bien que pas mal modifié, le code actuel contient des choses venant du code ancien qui ne sont peut être plus nécessaires.

La complexité du c++ auxquelles s'ajoute les optimisations du compilateur et les contraintes du hardware Arduino rendent les choses plus difficiles à comprendre et à modifier.

Souvent, quelque chose qui à priori ne sert à rien est indispensable :aie: :mouarf:

C'est pour ça que je pose la question.

J’ai regardé la bibliothèque bibliothèque Adafruit ILI9341 et j’en n’ai pas vu à part des tableaux

Citation:

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Envoyé par Jay M

J’ai regardé la bibliothèque bibliothèque Adafruit ILI9341 et j’en n’ai pas vu à part des tableaux

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Les "static" se trouvent dans la première fork que j'ai prise, celle d'hackaday

Ma version est la "deuxième" fork, une fork de la fork :mrgreen:

Du coup, une idée sur l'utilité (ou pas) de ces statics à la pelle ?

Il reste la méthode bourrin : supprimer pour voir si ça fonctionne toujours :mouarf: avec le risque d'avoir un code avec des bugs aléatoires d'autant plus difficiles à mettre en évidence qu'il risquent de survenir une fois sur 10 ou sur 100 :aie:

Une réponse argumentée sur le plan théorique serait préférable :mouarf:

A bientôt

La théorie dit cela

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Static Function Members
By declaring a function member as static, you make it independent of any particular object of the class. A static member function can be called even if no objects of the class exist and the static functions are accessed using only the class name and the scope resolution operator ::.

A static member function can only access static data member, other static member functions and any other functions from outside the class.

Static member functions have a class scope and they do not have access to the this pointer of the class. You could use a static member function to determine whether some objects of the class have been created or not.

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Donc en enlevant static tout ce que vous pouvez casser c’est si les appels se faisaient sur la classe et pas sur une instance. Il y a un tout petit gain de performance car this n’est pas rajouté en paramètre lors de l’appel.

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Envoyé par Jay M

Il y a un tout petit gain de performance car this n’est pas rajouté en paramètre lors de l’appel.

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Je pense que voilà l'explication.

Les gens de hackaday ont utilisé Static pour gagner un peu en performance, même si ce n'était pas nécessaire

Merci

C’est quand même infime...

Oui certes, mais c'est dans l'esprit "hacker" :mouarf:

Et le plus important pour moi : cet usage "abusif" de static ne pénalise pas mon programme (je n'ai pas donc besoin de les retirer pour optimiser mon code) ;)

A bientôt