1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
329
330
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
342
343
344
345
346
347
348
349
350
351
352
353
354
355
356
357
358
359
360
361
362
363
364
365
366
367
368
369
370
371
372
373
374
375
376
377
378
379
380
381
382
383
384
385
386
387
388
389
390
391
392
393
394
395
396
397
398
399
400
401
402
403
404
405
406
407
408
409
410
411
412
413
414
415
416
417
418
419
420
421
422
423
424
425
426
427
428
429
430
431
432
433
434
435
436
437
438
439
440
441
442
443
444
445
446
447
448
449
450
451
452
453
454
455
456
457
458
459
460
461
462
463
464
465
466
467
468
469
470
471
472
473
474
475
476
477
478
479
480
481
482
483
484
485
486
487
488
489
490
491
492
493
494
495
496
497
498
499
500
501
502
503
504
505
506
507
508
509
510
511
512
513
514
515
516
517
518
519
520
521
522
523
524
525
526
527
528
529
530
531
532
533
534
535
536
537
538
539
540
541
542
543
544
545
546
547
548
549
550
551
552
553
554
555
556
557
558
559
560
561
562
563
564
565
566
567
568
569
570
571
572
573
574
575
576
577
578
579
580
581
582
583
584
585
586
587
588
589
590
591
592
593
594
595
596
597
598
599
600
601
602
603
604
605
606
607
608
609
610
611
612
613
614
615
616
617
618
619
620
621
622
623
624
625
626
627
628
629
630
631
632
633
634
635
636
637
638
639
640
641
642
643
644
645
646
647
648
649
650
651
652
653
654
655
656
657
658
659
660
661
662
663
664
665
666
667
668
669
670
671
672
673
674
675
676
677
678
679
680
681
682
683
684
685
686
687
688
689
690
691
692
693
694
695
696
697
698
699
700
701
702
703
704
705
706
707
708
709
710
711
712
713
714
715
716
717
718
719
720
721
722
723
724
725
726
727
728
729
730
731
732
733
734
735
736
737
738
739
740
741
742
743
744
745
746
747
748
749
750
751
752
753
754
755
756
757
758
759
760
761
762
763
764
765
766
767
768
769
770
771
772
773
774
775
776
777
778
779
780
781
782
783
784
785
786
787
788
789
790
791
792
793
794
795
796
797
798
799
800
801
802
803
804
805
806
807
808
809
810
811
812
813
814
815
816
817
818
819
820
821
822
823
824
825
826
827
828
829
830
831
832
833
834
835
836
837
838
839
| # Copyright (c) 2023 Boston Dynamics, Inc. All rights reserved.
#
# Downloading, reproducing, distributing or otherwise using the SDK Software
# is subject to the terms and conditions of the Boston Dynamics Software
# Development Kit License (20191101-BDSDK-SL).
"""Tutorial to show how to use the Boston Dynamics API to detect and follow an object"""
import argparse
import io
import json
import math
import os
import signal
import sys
import time
from multiprocessing import Barrier, Process, Queue, Value
from queue import Empty, Full
from threading import BrokenBarrierError, Thread
import cv2
import numpy as np
from PIL import Image
from scipy import ndimage
from tensorflow_object_detection import DetectorAPI
import bosdyn.client
import bosdyn.client.util
from bosdyn import geometry
from bosdyn.api import geometry_pb2 as geo
from bosdyn.api import image_pb2, trajectory_pb2
from bosdyn.api.image_pb2 import ImageSource
from bosdyn.api.spot import robot_command_pb2 as spot_command_pb2
from bosdyn.client.async_tasks import AsyncPeriodicQuery, AsyncTasks
from bosdyn.client.frame_helpers import (GROUND_PLANE_FRAME_NAME, VISION_FRAME_NAME, get_a_tform_b,
get_vision_tform_body)
from bosdyn.client.image import ImageClient
from bosdyn.client.lease import LeaseClient, LeaseKeepAlive
from bosdyn.client.math_helpers import Quat, SE3Pose
from bosdyn.client.robot_command import (CommandFailedError, CommandTimedOutError,
RobotCommandBuilder, RobotCommandClient, blocking_stand)
from bosdyn.client.robot_state import RobotStateClient
LOGGER = bosdyn.client.util.get_logger()
SHUTDOWN_FLAG = Value('i', 0)
# Don't let the queues get too backed up
QUEUE_MAXSIZE = 10
# This is a multiprocessing.Queue for communication between the main process and the
# Tensorflow processes.
# Entries in this queue are in the format:
# {
# 'source': Name of the camera,
# 'world_tform_cam': transform from VO to camera,
# 'world_tform_gpe': transform from VO to ground plane,
# 'raw_image_time': Time when the image was collected,
# 'cv_image': The decoded image,
# 'visual_dims': (cols, rows),
# 'depth_image': depth image proto,
# 'system_cap_time': Time when the image was received by the main process,
# 'image_queued_time': Time when the image was done preprocessing and queued
# }
RAW_IMAGES_QUEUE = Queue(QUEUE_MAXSIZE)
# This is a multiprocessing.Queue for communication between the Tensorflow processes and
# the bbox print process. This is meant for running in a containerized environment with no access
# to an X display
# Entries in this queue have the following fields in addition to those in :
# {
# 'processed_image_start_time': Time when the image was received by the TF process,
# 'processed_image_end_time': Time when the image was processing for bounding boxes
# 'boxes': list of detected bounding boxes for the processed image
# 'classes': classes of objects,
# 'scores': confidence scores,
# }
PROCESSED_BOXES_QUEUE = Queue(QUEUE_MAXSIZE)
# Barrier for waiting on Tensorflow processes to start, initialized in main()
TENSORFLOW_PROCESS_BARRIER = None
COCO_CLASS_DICT = {
1: 'person',
2: 'bicycle',
3: 'car',
4: 'motorcycle',
5: 'airplane',
6: 'bus',
7: 'train',
8: 'truck',
9: 'boat',
10: 'trafficlight',
11: 'firehydrant',
13: 'stopsign',
14: 'parkingmeter',
15: 'bench',
16: 'bird',
17: 'cat',
18: 'dog',
19: 'horse',
20: 'sheep',
21: 'cow',
22: 'elephant',
23: 'bear',
24: 'zebra',
25: 'giraffe',
27: 'backpack',
28: 'umbrella',
31: 'handbag',
32: 'tie',
33: 'suitcase',
34: 'frisbee',
35: 'skis',
36: 'snowboard',
37: 'sportsball',
38: 'kite',
39: 'baseballbat',
40: 'baseballglove',
41: 'skateboard',
42: 'surfboard',
43: 'tennisracket',
44: 'bottle',
46: 'wineglass',
47: 'cup',
48: 'fork',
49: 'knife',
50: 'spoon',
51: 'bowl',
52: 'banana',
53: 'apple',
54: 'sandwich',
55: 'orange',
56: 'broccoli',
57: 'carrot',
58: 'hotdog',
59: 'pizza',
60: 'donut',
61: 'cake',
62: 'chair',
63: 'couch',
64: 'pottedplant',
65: 'bed',
67: 'diningtable',
70: 'toilet',
72: 'tv',
73: 'laptop',
74: 'mouse',
75: 'remote',
76: 'keyboard',
77: 'cellphone',
78: 'microwave',
79: 'oven',
80: 'toaster',
81: 'sink',
82: 'refrigerator',
84: 'book',
85: 'clock',
86: 'vase',
87: 'scissors',
88: 'teddybear',
89: 'hairdrier',
90: 'toothbrush'
}
# Mapping from visual to depth data
VISUAL_SOURCE_TO_DEPTH_MAP_SOURCE = {
'frontleft_fisheye_image': 'frontleft_depth_in_visual_frame',
'frontright_fisheye_image': 'frontright_depth_in_visual_frame'
}
ROTATION_ANGLES = {
'back_fisheye_image': 0,
'frontleft_fisheye_image': -78,
'frontright_fisheye_image': -102,
'left_fisheye_image': 0,
'right_fisheye_image': 180
}
def _update_thread(async_task):
while True:
async_task.update()
time.sleep(0.01)
class AsyncImage(AsyncPeriodicQuery):
"""Grab image."""
def __init__(self, image_client, image_sources):
# Period is set to be about 15 FPS
super(AsyncImage, self).__init__('images', image_client, LOGGER, period_sec=0.067)
self.image_sources = image_sources
def _start_query(self):
return self._client.get_image_from_sources_async(self.image_sources)
class AsyncRobotState(AsyncPeriodicQuery):
"""Grab robot state."""
def __init__(self, robot_state_client):
# period is set to be about the same rate as detections on the CORE AI
super(AsyncRobotState, self).__init__('robot_state', robot_state_client, LOGGER,
period_sec=0.02)
def _start_query(self):
return self._client.get_robot_state_async()
def get_source_list(image_client):
"""Gets a list of image sources and filters based on config dictionary
Args:
image_client: Instantiated image client
"""
# We are using only the visual images with their corresponding depth sensors
sources = image_client.list_image_sources()
source_list = []
for source in sources:
if source.image_type == ImageSource.IMAGE_TYPE_VISUAL:
# only append if sensor has corresponding depth sensor
if source.name in VISUAL_SOURCE_TO_DEPTH_MAP_SOURCE:
source_list.append(source.name)
source_list.append(VISUAL_SOURCE_TO_DEPTH_MAP_SOURCE[source.name])
return source_list
def capture_images(image_task, sleep_between_capture):
""" Captures images and places them on the queue
Args:
image_task (AsyncImage): Async task that provides the images response to use
sleep_between_capture (float): Time to sleep between each image capture
"""
while not SHUTDOWN_FLAG.value:
get_im_resp = image_task.proto
start_time = time.time()
if not get_im_resp:
continue
depth_responses = {
img.source.name: img
for img in get_im_resp
if img.source.image_type == ImageSource.IMAGE_TYPE_DEPTH
}
entry = {}
for im_resp in get_im_resp:
if im_resp.source.image_type == ImageSource.IMAGE_TYPE_VISUAL:
source = im_resp.source.name
depth_source = VISUAL_SOURCE_TO_DEPTH_MAP_SOURCE[source]
depth_image = depth_responses[depth_source]
acquisition_time = im_resp.shot.acquisition_time
image_time = acquisition_time.seconds + acquisition_time.nanos * 1e-9
try:
image = Image.open(io.BytesIO(im_resp.shot.image.data))
source = im_resp.source.name
image = ndimage.rotate(image, ROTATION_ANGLES[source])
if im_resp.shot.image.pixel_format == image_pb2.Image.PIXEL_FORMAT_GREYSCALE_U8:
image = cv2.cvtColor(image, cv2.COLOR_GRAY2RGB) # Converted to RGB for TF
tform_snapshot = im_resp.shot.transforms_snapshot
frame_name = im_resp.shot.frame_name_image_sensor
world_tform_cam = get_a_tform_b(tform_snapshot, VISION_FRAME_NAME, frame_name)
world_tform_gpe = get_a_tform_b(tform_snapshot, VISION_FRAME_NAME,
GROUND_PLANE_FRAME_NAME)
entry[source] = {
'source': source,
'world_tform_cam': world_tform_cam,
'world_tform_gpe': world_tform_gpe,
'raw_image_time': image_time,
'cv_image': image,
'visual_dims': (im_resp.shot.image.cols, im_resp.shot.image.rows),
'depth_image': depth_image,
'system_cap_time': start_time,
'image_queued_time': time.time()
}
except Exception as exc: # pylint: disable=broad-except
print(f'Exception occurred during image capture {exc}')
try:
RAW_IMAGES_QUEUE.put_nowait(entry)
except Full as exc:
print(f'RAW_IMAGES_QUEUE is full: {exc}')
time.sleep(sleep_between_capture)
def start_tensorflow_processes(num_processes, model_path, detection_class, detection_threshold,
max_processing_delay):
"""Starts Tensorflow processes in parallel.
It does not keep track of the processes once they are started because they run indefinitely
and are never joined back to the main process.
Args:
num_processes (int): Number of Tensorflow processes to start in parallel.
model_path (str): Filepath to the Tensorflow model to use.
detection_class (int): Detection class to detect
detection_threshold (float): Detection threshold to apply to all Tensorflow detections.
max_processing_delay (float): Allowed delay before processing an incoming image.
"""
processes = []
for _ in range(num_processes):
process = Process(
target=process_images, args=(
model_path,
detection_class,
detection_threshold,
max_processing_delay,
), daemon=True)
process.start()
processes.append(process)
return processes
def process_images(model_path, detection_class, detection_threshold, max_processing_delay):
"""Starts Tensorflow and detects objects in the incoming images.
Args:
model_path (str): Filepath to the Tensorflow model to use.
detection_class (int): Detection class to detect
detection_threshold (float): Detection threshold to apply to all Tensorflow detections.
max_processing_delay (float): Allowed delay before processing an incoming image.
"""
odapi = DetectorAPI(path_to_ckpt=model_path)
num_processed_skips = 0
if TENSORFLOW_PROCESS_BARRIER is None:
return
try:
TENSORFLOW_PROCESS_BARRIER.wait()
except BrokenBarrierError as exc:
print(f'Error waiting for Tensorflow processes to initialize: {exc}')
return False
while not SHUTDOWN_FLAG.value:
try:
entry = RAW_IMAGES_QUEUE.get_nowait()
except Empty:
time.sleep(0.1)
continue
for _, capture in entry.items():
start_time = time.time()
processing_delay = time.time() - capture['raw_image_time']
if processing_delay > max_processing_delay:
num_processed_skips += 1
print(f'skipped image because it took {processing_delay}')
continue # Skip image due to delay
image = capture['cv_image']
boxes, scores, classes, _ = odapi.process_frame(image)
confident_boxes = []
confident_object_classes = []
confident_scores = []
if len(boxes) == 0:
print('no detections founds')
continue
for box, score, box_class in sorted(zip(boxes, scores, classes), key=lambda x: x[1],
reverse=True):
if score > detection_threshold and box_class == detection_class:
confident_boxes.append(box)
confident_object_classes.append(COCO_CLASS_DICT[box_class])
confident_scores.append(score)
image = cv2.rectangle(image, (box[1], box[0]), (box[3], box[2]), (255, 0, 0), 2)
capture['processed_image_start_time'] = start_time
capture['processed_image_end_time'] = time.time()
capture['boxes'] = confident_boxes
capture['classes'] = confident_object_classes
capture['scores'] = confident_scores
capture['cv_image'] = image
try:
PROCESSED_BOXES_QUEUE.put_nowait(entry)
except Full as exc:
print(f'PROCESSED_BOXES_QUEUE is full: {exc}')
print('tf process ending')
return True
def get_go_to(world_tform_object, robot_state, mobility_params, dist_margin=0.5):
"""Gets trajectory command to a goal location
Args:
world_tform_object (SE3Pose): Transform from vision frame to target object
robot_state (RobotState): Current robot state
mobility_params (MobilityParams): Mobility parameters
dist_margin (float): Distance margin to target
"""
vo_tform_robot = get_vision_tform_body(robot_state.kinematic_state.transforms_snapshot)
print(f'robot pos: {vo_tform_robot}')
delta_ewrt_vo = np.array(
[world_tform_object.x - vo_tform_robot.x, world_tform_object.y - vo_tform_robot.y, 0])
norm = np.linalg.norm(delta_ewrt_vo)
if norm == 0:
return None
delta_ewrt_vo_norm = delta_ewrt_vo / norm
heading = _get_heading(delta_ewrt_vo_norm)
vo_tform_goal = np.array([
world_tform_object.x - delta_ewrt_vo_norm[0] * dist_margin,
world_tform_object.y - delta_ewrt_vo_norm[1] * dist_margin
])
se2_pose = geo.SE2Pose(position=geo.Vec2(x=vo_tform_goal[0], y=vo_tform_goal[1]), angle=heading)
tag_cmd = RobotCommandBuilder.synchro_se2_trajectory_command(se2_pose,
frame_name=VISION_FRAME_NAME,
params=mobility_params)
return tag_cmd
def _get_heading(xhat):
zhat = [0.0, 0.0, 1.0]
yhat = np.cross(zhat, xhat)
mat = np.array([xhat, yhat, zhat]).transpose()
return Quat.from_matrix(mat).to_yaw()
def set_default_body_control():
"""Set default body control params to current body position"""
footprint_R_body = geometry.EulerZXY()
position = geo.Vec3(x=0.0, y=0.0, z=0.0)
rotation = footprint_R_body.to_quaternion()
pose = geo.SE3Pose(position=position, rotation=rotation)
point = trajectory_pb2.SE3TrajectoryPoint(pose=pose)
traj = trajectory_pb2.SE3Trajectory(points=[point])
return spot_command_pb2.BodyControlParams(base_offset_rt_footprint=traj)
def get_mobility_params():
"""Gets mobility parameters for following"""
vel_desired = .75
speed_limit = geo.SE2VelocityLimit(
max_vel=geo.SE2Velocity(linear=geo.Vec2(x=vel_desired, y=vel_desired), angular=.25))
body_control = set_default_body_control()
mobility_params = spot_command_pb2.MobilityParams(vel_limit=speed_limit, obstacle_params=None,
body_control=body_control,
locomotion_hint=spot_command_pb2.HINT_TROT)
return mobility_params
def depth_to_xyz(depth, pixel_x, pixel_y, focal_length, principal_point):
"""Calculate the transform to point in image using camera intrinsics and depth"""
x = depth * (pixel_x - principal_point.x) / focal_length.x
y = depth * (pixel_y - principal_point.y) / focal_length.y
z = depth
return x, y, z
def remove_ground_from_depth_image(raw_depth_image, focal_length, principal_point, world_tform_cam,
world_tform_gpe, ground_tolerance=0.04):
""" Simple ground plane removal algorithm. Uses ground height
and does simple z distance filtering.
Args:
raw_depth_image (np.array): Depth image
focal_length (Vec2): Focal length of camera that produced the depth image
principal_point (Vec2): Principal point of camera that produced the depth image
world_tform_cam (SE3Pose): Transform from VO to camera frame
world_tform_gpe (SE3Pose): Transform from VO to GPE frame
ground_tolerance (float): Distance in meters to add to the ground plane
"""
new_depth_image = raw_depth_image
# same functions as depth_to_xyz, but converted to np functions
indices = np.indices(raw_depth_image.shape)
xs = raw_depth_image * (indices[1] - principal_point.x) / focal_length.x
ys = raw_depth_image * (indices[0] - principal_point.y) / focal_length.y
zs = raw_depth_image
# create xyz point cloud
camera_tform_points = np.stack([xs, ys, zs], axis=2)
# points in VO frame
world_tform_points = world_tform_cam.transform_cloud(camera_tform_points)
# array of booleans where True means the point was below the ground plane plus tolerance
world_tform_points_mask = (world_tform_gpe.z - world_tform_points[:, :, 2]) < ground_tolerance
# remove data below ground plane
new_depth_image[world_tform_points_mask] = 0
return new_depth_image
def get_distance_to_closest_object_depth(x_min, x_max, y_min, y_max, depth_scale, raw_depth_image,
histogram_bin_size=0.50, minimum_number_of_points=10,
max_distance=8.0):
"""Make a histogram of distances to points in the cloud and take the closest distance with
enough points.
Args:
x_min (int): minimum x coordinate (column) of object to find
x_max (int): maximum x coordinate (column) of object to find
y_min (int): minimum y coordinate (row) of object to find
y_max (int): maximum y coordinate (row) of object to find
depth_scale (float): depth scale of the image to convert from sensor value to meters
raw_depth_image (np.array): matrix of depth pixels
histogram_bin_size (float): size of each bin of distances
minimum_number_of_points (int): minimum number of points before returning depth
max_distance (float): maximum distance to object in meters
"""
num_bins = math.ceil(max_distance / histogram_bin_size)
# get a sub-rectangle of the bounding box out of the whole image, then flatten
obj_depths = (raw_depth_image[y_min:y_max, x_min:x_max]).flatten()
obj_depths = obj_depths / depth_scale
obj_depths = obj_depths[obj_depths != 0]
hist, hist_edges = np.histogram(obj_depths, bins=num_bins, range=(0, max_distance))
edges_zipped = zip(hist_edges[:-1], hist_edges[1:])
# Iterate over the histogram and return the first distance with enough points.
for entry, edges in zip(hist, edges_zipped):
if entry > minimum_number_of_points:
filtered_depths = obj_depths[(obj_depths > edges[0]) & (obj_depths < edges[1])]
if len(filtered_depths) == 0:
continue
return np.mean(filtered_depths)
return max_distance
def rotate_about_origin_degrees(origin, point, angle):
"""
Rotate a point counterclockwise by a given angle around a given origin.
Args:
origin (tuple): Origin to rotate the point around
point (tuple): Point to rotate
angle (float): Angle in degrees
"""
return rotate_about_origin(origin, point, math.radians(angle))
def rotate_about_origin(origin, point, angle):
"""
Rotate a point counterclockwise by a given angle around a given origin.
Args:
origin (tuple): Origin to rotate the point around
point (tuple): Point to rotate
angle (float): Angle in radians
"""
orig_x, orig_y = origin
pnt_x, pnt_y = point
ret_x = orig_x + math.cos(angle) * (pnt_x - orig_x) - math.sin(angle) * (pnt_y - orig_y)
ret_y = orig_y + math.sin(angle) * (pnt_x - orig_x) + math.cos(angle) * (pnt_y - orig_y)
return int(ret_x), int(ret_y)
def get_object_position(world_tform_cam, world_tform_gpe, visual_dims, depth_image, bounding_box,
rotation_angle):
"""
Extract the bounding box, then find the mode in that region.
Args:
world_tform_cam (SE3Pose): SE3 transform from world to camera frame
visual_dims (Tuple): (cols, rows) tuple from the visual image
depth_image (ImageResponse): From a depth camera corresponding to the visual_image
bounding_box (list): Bounding box from tensorflow
rotation_angle (float): Angle (in degrees) to rotate depth image to match cam image rotation
"""
# Make sure there are two images.
if visual_dims is None or depth_image is None:
# Fail.
return
# Rotate bounding box back to original frame
points = [(bounding_box[1], bounding_box[0]), (bounding_box[3], bounding_box[0]),
(bounding_box[3], bounding_box[2]), (bounding_box[1], bounding_box[2])]
origin = (visual_dims[0] / 2, visual_dims[1] / 2)
points_rot = [rotate_about_origin_degrees(origin, point, rotation_angle) for point in points]
# Get the bounding box corners.
y_min = max(0, min([point[1] for point in points_rot]))
x_min = max(0, min([point[0] for point in points_rot]))
y_max = min(visual_dims[1], max([point[1] for point in points_rot]))
x_max = min(visual_dims[0], max([point[0] for point in points_rot]))
# Check that the bounding box is valid.
if (x_min < 0 or y_min < 0 or x_max > visual_dims[0] or y_max > visual_dims[1]):
print(f'Bounding box is invalid: ({x_min}, {y_min}) | ({x_max}, {y_max})')
print(f'Bounds: ({visual_dims[0]}, {visual_dims[1]})')
return
# Unpack the images.
try:
if depth_image.shot.image.pixel_format == image_pb2.Image.PIXEL_FORMAT_DEPTH_U16:
dtype = np.uint16
else:
dtype = np.uint8
img = np.fromstring(depth_image.shot.image.data, dtype=dtype)
if depth_image.shot.image.format == image_pb2.Image.FORMAT_RAW:
img = img.reshape(depth_image.shot.image.rows, depth_image.shot.image.cols)
else:
img = cv2.imdecode(img, -1)
depth_image_pixels = img
depth_image_pixels = remove_ground_from_depth_image(
depth_image_pixels, depth_image.source.pinhole.intrinsics.focal_length,
depth_image.source.pinhole.intrinsics.principal_point, world_tform_cam, world_tform_gpe)
# Get the depth data from the region in the bounding box.
max_distance = 8.0
depth = get_distance_to_closest_object_depth(x_min, x_max, y_min, y_max,
depth_image.source.depth_scale,
depth_image_pixels, max_distance=max_distance)
if depth >= max_distance:
# Not enough depth data.
print('Not enough depth data.')
return False
else:
print(f'distance to object: {depth}')
center_x = round((x_max - x_min) / 2.0 + x_min)
center_y = round((y_max - y_min) / 2.0 + y_min)
tform_x, tform_y, tform_z = depth_to_xyz(
depth, center_x, center_y, depth_image.source.pinhole.intrinsics.focal_length,
depth_image.source.pinhole.intrinsics.principal_point)
camera_tform_obj = SE3Pose(tform_x, tform_y, tform_z, Quat())
return world_tform_cam * camera_tform_obj
except Exception as exc: # pylint: disable=broad-except
print(f'Error getting object position: {exc}')
return
def _check_model_path(model_path):
if model_path is None or \
not os.path.exists(model_path) or \
not os.path.isfile(model_path):
print(f'ERROR, could not find model file {model_path}')
return False
return True
def _check_and_load_json_classes(config_path):
if os.path.isfile(config_path):
with open(config_path) as json_classes:
global COCO_CLASS_DICT # pylint: disable=global-statement
COCO_CLASS_DICT = json.load(json_classes)
def _find_highest_conf_source(processed_boxes_entry):
highest_conf_source = None
max_score = 0
for key, capture in processed_boxes_entry.items():
if 'scores' in capture.keys():
if len(capture['scores']) > 0 and capture['scores'][0] > max_score:
highest_conf_source = key
max_score = capture['scores'][0]
return highest_conf_source
def signal_handler(signal, frame):
print('Interrupt caught, shutting down')
SHUTDOWN_FLAG.value = 1
def main():
"""Command line interface."""
parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()
parser.add_argument(
'--model-path', default='/model.pb', help=
('Local file path to the Tensorflow model, example pre-trained models can be found at '
'https://github.com/tensorflow/models/blob/master/research/object_detection/g3doc/tf1_detection_zoo.md'
))
parser.add_argument('--classes', default='/classes.json', type=str,
help='File containing json mapping of object class IDs to class names')
parser.add_argument('--number-tensorflow-processes', default=1, type=int,
help='Number of Tensorflow processes to run in parallel')
parser.add_argument('--detection-threshold', default=0.7, type=float,
help='Detection threshold to use for Tensorflow detections')
parser.add_argument(
'--sleep-between-capture', default=0.2, type=float,
help=('Seconds to sleep between each image capture loop iteration, which captures '
'an image from all cameras'))
parser.add_argument(
'--detection-class', default=1, type=int,
help=('Detection classes to use in the Tensorflow model.'
'Default is to use 1, which is a person in the Coco dataset'))
parser.add_argument(
'--max-processing-delay', default=7.0, type=float,
help=('Maximum allowed delay for processing an image. '
'Any image older than this value will be skipped'))
parser.add_argument('--test-mode', action='store_true',
help='Run application in test mode, don\'t execute commands')
bosdyn.client.util.add_base_arguments(parser)
bosdyn.client.util.add_payload_credentials_arguments(parser)
options = parser.parse_args()
signal.signal(signal.SIGINT, signal_handler)
try:
# Make sure the model path is a valid file
if not _check_model_path(options.model_path):
return False
# Check for classes json file, otherwise use the COCO class dictionary
_check_and_load_json_classes(options.classes)
global TENSORFLOW_PROCESS_BARRIER # pylint: disable=global-statement
TENSORFLOW_PROCESS_BARRIER = Barrier(options.number_tensorflow_processes + 1)
# Start Tensorflow processes
tf_processes = start_tensorflow_processes(options.number_tensorflow_processes,
options.model_path, options.detection_class,
options.detection_threshold,
options.max_processing_delay)
# sleep to give the Tensorflow processes time to initialize
try:
TENSORFLOW_PROCESS_BARRIER.wait()
except BrokenBarrierError as exc:
print(f'Error waiting for Tensorflow processes to initialize: {exc}')
return False
# Start the API related things
# Create robot object with a world object client
sdk = bosdyn.client.create_standard_sdk('SpotFollowClient')
robot = sdk.create_robot(options.hostname)
if options.payload_credentials_file:
robot.authenticate_from_payload_credentials(
*bosdyn.client.util.get_guid_and_secret(options))
else:
bosdyn.client.util.authenticate(robot)
# Time sync is necessary so that time-based filter requests can be converted
robot.time_sync.wait_for_sync()
# Verify the robot is not estopped and that an external application has registered and holds
# an estop endpoint.
assert not robot.is_estopped(), 'Robot is estopped. Please use an external E-Stop client,' \
' such as the estop SDK example, to configure E-Stop.'
# Create the sdk clients
robot_state_client = robot.ensure_client(RobotStateClient.default_service_name)
robot_command_client = robot.ensure_client(RobotCommandClient.default_service_name)
lease_client = robot.ensure_client(LeaseClient.default_service_name)
image_client = robot.ensure_client(ImageClient.default_service_name)
source_list = get_source_list(image_client)
image_task = AsyncImage(image_client, source_list)
robot_state_task = AsyncRobotState(robot_state_client)
task_list = [image_task, robot_state_task]
_async_tasks = AsyncTasks(task_list)
print('Detect and follow client connected.')
lease = lease_client.take()
lease_keep = LeaseKeepAlive(lease_client)
# Power on the robot and stand it up
resp = robot.power_on()
try:
blocking_stand(robot_command_client)
except CommandFailedError as exc:
print(f'Error ({exc}) occurred while trying to stand. Check robot surroundings.')
return False
except CommandTimedOutError as exc:
print(f'Stand command timed out: {exc}')
return False
print('Robot powered on and standing.')
params_set = get_mobility_params()
# This thread starts the async tasks for image and robot state retrieval
update_thread = Thread(target=_update_thread, args=[_async_tasks])
update_thread.daemon = True
update_thread.start()
# Wait for the first responses.
while any(task.proto is None for task in task_list):
time.sleep(0.1)
# Start image capture process
image_capture_thread = Process(target=capture_images,
args=(image_task, options.sleep_between_capture),
daemon=True)
image_capture_thread.start()
while not SHUTDOWN_FLAG.value:
# This comes from the tensorflow processes and limits the rate of this loop
try:
entry = PROCESSED_BOXES_QUEUE.get_nowait()
except Empty:
continue
# find the highest confidence bounding box
highest_conf_source = _find_highest_conf_source(entry)
if highest_conf_source is None:
# no boxes or scores found
continue
capture_to_use = entry[highest_conf_source]
raw_time = capture_to_use['raw_image_time']
time_gap = time.time() - raw_time
if time_gap > options.max_processing_delay:
continue # Skip image due to delay
# Find the transform to the highest confidence object using the depth sensor
get_object_position_start = time.time()
robot_state = robot_state_task.proto
world_tform_gpe = get_a_tform_b(robot_state.kinematic_state.transforms_snapshot,
VISION_FRAME_NAME, GROUND_PLANE_FRAME_NAME)
world_tform_object = get_object_position(
capture_to_use['world_tform_cam'], world_tform_gpe, capture_to_use['visual_dims'],
capture_to_use['depth_image'], capture_to_use['boxes'][0],
ROTATION_ANGLES[capture_to_use['source']])
get_object_position_end = time.time()
print(f'system_cap_time: {capture_to_use["system_cap_time"]}, '
f'image_queued_time: {capture_to_use["image_queued_time"]}, '
f'processed_image_start_time: {capture_to_use["processed_image_start_time"]}, '
f'processed_image_end_time: {capture_to_use["processed_image_end_time"]}, '
f'get_object_position_start_time: {get_object_position_start}, '
f'get_object_position_end_time: {get_object_position_end}, ')
# get_object_position can fail if there is insufficient depth sensor information
if not world_tform_object:
continue
scores = capture_to_use['scores']
print(f'Position of object with confidence {scores[0]}: {world_tform_object}')
print(f'Process latency: {time.time() - capture_to_use["system_cap_time"]}')
tag_cmd = get_go_to(world_tform_object, robot_state, params_set)
end_time = 15.0
if tag_cmd is not None:
if not options.test_mode:
print('executing command')
robot_command_client.robot_command(lease=None, command=tag_cmd,
end_time_secs=time.time() + end_time)
else:
print('Running in test mode, skipping command.')
# Shutdown lease keep-alive and return lease gracefully.
lease_keep.shutdown()
lease_client.return_lease(lease)
return True
except Exception as exc: # pylint: disable=broad-except
LOGGER.error('Spot Tensorflow Detector threw an exception: %s', exc)
# Shutdown lease keep-alive and return lease gracefully.
return False
if __name__ == '__main__':
if not main():
sys.exit(1) |
Google, OpenAI et d'autres s'opposent au projet de loi californien visant à réguler le développement de l'IA
Pensez-vous que les mesures de sécurité proposées dans le projet de loi sont suffisantes pour prévenir les risques liés à l’IA ? Pourquoi ou pourquoi pas ?
Répondre avec citation
Envoyé par L'essentiel de la lettre
Partager